Issue 10093: BMM: Influencers (bmm-ftf) Source: Inferware (Mr. John Hall, john.hall@modelsys.com johnhallms@hotmail.com) Nature: Uncategorized Issue Severity: Summary: The BMM includes a set of Influencers. It is a good default set, but the supporting descriptions say that the set is not exhaustive - businesses may add further influences when creating an enterprise BMM (and may choose not to use some of those categories provided). Also, 'influencer' is quite a broad concept. From the examples, an instance of 'external influencer' might be: · A category of external entity or organization (e.g. competitor) that can act in such a way (e.g. competitor introduces new product) as to influence the enterprise being modeled · A mass noun (e.g. technology) that is a category of the kind of change that can influence the enterprise being modeled · An instance of a change (e.g. regulation) that can influence the enterprise being modeled The BMM would be more flexible, particularly from a tool developer's perspective, if the current set of influencers were positioned as a recommended set, and the three concepts mention above were made distinct. Proposal 1) Present the current set of influencers as a recommended or default set, and do not show them explicitly on the normative model diagram. 2) Separate the concepts of Entity/Organization (Influencer), change that requires judgment (Influence) and category. Suggested change to the UML class model: This was discussed at the BMI Atlanta meeting in September 2005. It was felt that, while the change suggested would be an improvement, the BMM should stand on its merits as published for the RFC process. Then, if the BMM were accepted, this issue could be considered by the FTF. Similarly, category should be separated from instance for internal influences. It was also noted that this kind of structure could support associations between influence(r)s. Resolution: Not yet decided Revised Text: Not yet decided Disposition: Open Resolution: Revised Text: Revised Text: In 8.4.1.1 replace the text between the "Categories of Influencer" heading and figure 8.12 with the following. An enterprise can define whatever Influencer Categories it requires. Enterprises that do not have a preferred set of categories may choose to use the default set provided in Annex G, modifying and extending it as required. This default set is used for examples and discussion in this specification. It provides: · Two broad Influencer Categories: External Influencer and Internal Influencer · A set of general categories It suggests that each Influencer is categorized as (at least) one of the general categories and as either internal or external, as described in the following tables. Management of consistency when Influencers are categorized in multiple categories is a matter for methodology, practice and tools, and is beyond the scope of this specification. Delete Figure 8.12 and the sentence following it Replace heading 8.4.1.2 with the one below Example: External Influencer Change the text following the current Heading 8.4.1.2 as indicated below External Influencers are those outside an enterprise's organizational boundaries that can impact its employment of Means or achievement of Ends. Influencer Categories usually also categorized as External Influencer include the following. Change Table 8.12 caption and heading as indicated below Caption: Table 8.12: Influencer Categories of usually also categorized as External Influencer Heading of left column: Influencer Category Delete the two paragraphs following Table 8.12 Replace heading 8.4.1.3 with the one below Example: Internal Influencer Change the text following the current Heading 8.4.1.3 as indicated below Internal Influencers are those from with an enterprise that can impact its employment of Means or achievement of Ends. Influencer Categories usually also categorized as Internal Influencer include the following. Change Table 8.14 caption and heading as indicated below Caption: Table 8.14: Influencer Categories of usually also categorized as Internal Influencer Heading of left column: Influencer Category Replace the two paragraphs following Table 8.14 with the following The default set also includes two categories, Implied Influencer and Explicit Influencer, for further categorization of influences categorized as Corporate Values. Include the following new sections following the current 8.4.1.3 8.1.4.2 Influencing Organization It is also useful to be able to connect an Influencer to one or more Influencing Organizations; for example: · To connect Regulation Influencers to their originating Regulators · To reference some specific competitor companies from a Competitor Influencer · To reference a Technology influencer to organizations involved in its development or availability Figure 8.12: Influencing Organization An Influencing Organization is an organization that is external to the enterprise modeled in a given enterprise BMM, and that influences that enterprise. An Influencing Organization is the source of Influencers. An Influencer may have multiple sources, or none. The Model also supports Organization Category for categorization of Influencing Organizations, but does not provide a default set of categories. Enterprises can define whatever Organization Categories they need. 8.1.4.3 Directive as Regulation One Influencer Category, Regulation, is explicitly defined in the Model. Figure 8.13 Directive as Regulation This supports the requirement discussed in Clause 8.2.6.2 for Directive to be able to act as a Regulation within an enterprise. Add 1 to each diagram number from the current 8.13 to the end of Clause 8 In Clause 9 Remove the entirety of the following entries assumption, competitor, corporate value, explicit corporate value, implied corporate value, customer, environment, external influencer, internal influencer, habit, infrastructure, issue, management prerogative, partner, regulation, resource, supplier, technology In Clause 9, add the following items under influencer influencer category General Concept: motivation element Definition category of influencer Dictionary Basis a class or division of people or things regarded as having particular shared characteristics [ODE, 'category' (1)] Note: Annex G describes a set of categories of influencer, recommended as a default set. influencer category categorizes influencer influencing organization General Concept: motivation element Definition organization that is external to the enterprise modeled in a given enterprise BMM, and that influences that enterprise influencing organization is source of influencer Synonymous Form: influencer is from influencing organization In Clause 9, add the following before organization unit organization category General Concept: motivation element Definition category of influencing organization Dictionary Basis a class or division of people or things regarded as having particular shared characteristics [ODE, 'category' (1)] organization category categorizes influencing organization In Clause 9, under motivation element Add influencer category, influencing organization and organization category to the note beginning "Categories of motivation element include …" In Clause 9, add the following entries to the table mapping SBVR fact types to UML association names BMM fact type in SBVR Structured English UML Association Name influencer category categorizes influencer InfluencerCategoryCategorizesInfluencer influencing organization is source of influencer InfluencingOrganizationIsSourceOfInfluencer organization category categorizes influencing organization OrganizationCategoryCategorizesInfluencingOrganization In Clause 9, add the following entries to the table mapping SBVR fact types to UML role names BMM fact type in SBVR Structured English 'From' Role 'To' Role influencer category categorizes influencer CategorizingInfluencerCategory CategorizedInfluencer influencing organization is source of influencer SourceInfluencingOrganization ProvidedInfluencer organization category categorizes influencing organization CategorizingOrganizationCategory CategorizedInfluencingOrganization Add the following to Annex G G.2 Categories of Influencer An influencer is something that has the capability of causing the enterprise to assess whether employment of its needs or achievement of its ends could be affected by the influencer. It is useful to be able to categorize influencers to assist in, for example, analysis of what kinds of change caused the enterprise to react, and what assessments and decisions were made. The BMM does not mandate any particular set of categories. However, the categories here provide a useful default set for enterprises that do not have a preferred set of categories. They were built up by the Business Rules Group out of their practice in using and developing the BMM up to the time when it was adopted by the OMG. The relevant fragment of the BMM MOF Model is illustrated in Figure G.2 Figure G.2 - Influencer Category In a tool that supports the BMM, an enterprise that wanted to use the default set of categories described below would define a new instance of AssessmentCategory for each one. The enterprise could also define other Influencer Categories. There are three sets of Influencer Categories described here: · A general set of categories that have been frequently used in practice, including Competition, Regulation, Corporate Value, Technology · Internal/External, for categorization of influencers as being from inside or outside the enterprise boundaries. For example, influencers in the general category 'Customer' would usually be external; influencers in the general category 'Management Prerogative' would usually be internal. · Implied/Explicit, for categorization of influencers as being explicitly described or 'just known' by people in the enterprise. For example, a corporate value "You take problems to your boss - you don't go over your boss's head" might be implied - not officially published by the company, but understood by employees. A given influencer would typically be categorized as being of one or more general categories, and as either 'internal' or 'external'. Implied/Explicit categorization is used for corporate values. The default suggestions for multiple categorizations are summarized in Table G.1. Table G.1 Suggested combinations of categories Internal/External Implied/Explicit external influencer internal influencer explicit influencer implied influencer competitorcustomerenvironmentpartnerregulationsuppliertechnology assumptioncorporate valuehabitinfrastructureissuemanagement prerogativeresource corporate value corporate value These suggestions are not exhaustive. For example, an enterprise might want to categorize an influencer as internal technology or another as external assumption. It is left to methodology and practice, and perhaps capabilities of BMM support tools, to manage multiple categorization of Influencers. To extend its business vocabulary (as expressed in the Concepts Catalog in SBVR Structured English) the enterprise could add the following entries. General Categories assumption Definition influencer that is a proposition taken for granted or without proof Dictionary Basis a thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof [NODE 'assumption' (1)] competitor Definition influencer that is a rival enterprise in a struggle for advantage over the subject enterprise. Dictionary Basis an organization or country that is engaged in commercial or economic competition with others [ODE 'competitor', bullet] Dictionary Basis a contest between rivals : a match or trial between contestants [MWUD 'competition' (2)] Dictionary Basis a market condition in which a large number of independent buyers and sellers compete for identical commodities, deal freely with each other, and retain the right of entry and exit from the market [MWUD 'competition' (4b)] corporate value Definition influencer that is an ideal, custom, or institution that an enterprise promotes or agrees with. It may be positive or negative, depending on point of view. Dictionary Basis principles or standards of behavior; one's judgment of what is important in life [ODE 'values' (2)] customer Definition influencer that is a role played by an individual or enterprise that has investigated, ordered, received, or paid for products or services from the subject enterprise. Dictionary Basis a person or organization that buys goods or services from a shop or business [ODE 'customer' (1)] environment Definition influencer that is the aggregate of surrounding conditions or influences affecting the existence or development of an enterprise. Dictionary Basis the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates [ODE 'environment' (1)] habit Definition influencer that's is a customary practice or use. Dictionary Basis a settled or regular tendency or practice, especially one that is hard to give up [ODE 'habit' (1)] infrastructure Definition influencer that is the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of the enterprise. Dictionary Basis the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise [ODE 'infrastructure'] issue Definition influencer that is a point in question or a matter that is in dispute as between contending partners. Dictionary Basis an important topic or problem for debate or discussion [ODE 'issue' (1)] management prerogative Definition influencer that is a right or privilege exercised by virtue of ownership or position in an enterprise. Dictionary Basis a right or privilege exclusive to a particular individual or class [ODE 'prerogative'] partner Definition influencer that is an enterprise that shares risks and profit with the subject enterprise (or is associated with the subject enterprise to share risks and profit) because this is mutually beneficial. Dictionary Basis a person who takes part in an undertaking with another or others, especially in a business or firm with shared risks and profits [ODE 'partner'] regulation Definition influencer that is an order prescribed by an authority such as a government body or the management of an enterprise Dictionary Basis a rule or element of guidance made and maintained by an authority [ODE 'regulation' (1)] Dictionary Basis a rule or order having the force of law issued by an executive authority of a government [MWUD: 'regulation' (2b)]. resource Definition influencer that is a stock or supply of money, materials, staff, and other assets that can be drawn on by an enterprise in order to function effectively Dictionary Basis a stock or supply of money, materials, staff, and other assets that can be drawn on by a person or organization in order to function effectively [ODE 'resource(s)' (1)] supplier Definition influencer that is a role played by an individual or enterprise that can furnish or provide products or services to the subject enterprise. Synonym: vendor Dictionary Basis make (something needed or wanted) available to someone; provide [ODE 'supply'] technology Definition influencer that is caused by developments in and limitations of technology. Dictionary Basis the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry: machinery and equipment developed from such scientific knowledge [ODE 'technology'] Note: There may be prerequisites for use of technology; there may be enterprise activity that technology enables or restricts. Internal/External Categories external influencer Definition influencer that is from outside the enterprise's organizational boundaries Note: Categories of influencer often also categorized as external influencers include: competitor; customer; environment; partner; regulation; supplier; technology. internal influencer Definition influencer that is from within the enterprise Note: Categories of influencer often also categorized as internal influencer include: assumption; corporate value; habit; infrastructure; issue. management prerogative, resource. Implied/Explicit Categories explicit influencer Definition influencer that is explicitly described Note: Categories of influencer often also categorized as explicit influencers include: corporate value. implied influencer Definition influencer that is not explicitly described but understood by some or all of the people in an enterprise. Note: Categories of influencer often also categorized as explicit influencers include: corporate value. Disposition: Resolved Actions taken: August 7, 2006: received issue January 15, 2008: closed issue Discussion: End of Annotations:===== sposition: Open OMG Issue No: ???? Title: BMM: Influencers Source: John Hall, Business Rules Group John Hall Summary: The BMM includes a set of Influencers. It is a good default set, but the supporting descriptions say that the set is not exhaustive - businesses may add further influences when creating an enterprise BMM (and may choose not to use some of those categories provided). Also, .influencer. is quite a broad concept. From the examples, an instance of .external influencer. might be: · A category of external entity or organization (e.g. competitor) that can act in such a way (e.g. competitor introduces new product) as to influence the enterprise being modeled · A mass noun (e.g. technology) that is a category of the kind of change that can influence the enterprise being modeled · An instance of a change (e.g. regulation) that can influence the enterprise being modeled The BMM would be more flexible, particularly from a tool developer.s perspective, if the current set of influencers were positioned as a recommended set, and the three concepts mention above were made distinct. Proposal 1) Present the current set of influencers as a recommended or default set, and do not show them explicitly on the normative model diagram. 2) Separate the concepts of Entity/Organization (Influencer), change that requires judgment (Influence) and category. Suggested change to the UML class model: This was discussed at the BMI Atlanta meeting in September 2005. It was felt that, while the change suggested would be an improvement, the BMM should stand on its merits as published for the RFC process. Then, if the BMM were accepted, this issue could be considered by the FTF. Similarly, category should be separated from instance for internal influences. It was also noted that this kind of structure could support associations between influence(r)s. Resolution: Not yet decided Revised Text: Not yet decided Disposition: Open Subject: RE: issue 10093 -- BMM FTF issue Date: Wed, 9 Aug 2006 17:13:00 -0700 X-MS-Has-Attach: X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: Thread-Topic: issue 10093 -- BMM FTF issue Thread-Index: Aca79j8Gb84K0Kz0Qlq9hm5K7uSLXwAGXXBQ From: "Pete Rivett" To: This is worthy of some interesting discussion (and also has overlap with the Org Structure work). Some initial thoughts: It seems to me the notion of 'external' is totally relative and could rapidly change (e.g. following some sort of merger). Even within one 'enterprise' something internal to that enterprise is external when considering the motivation model of one division/country within it. And surely BMM should allow such decomposition. Another example of this is to allow modeling of the players in an industry (e.g. by an analyst) where there is no 'internal' at all (the analyst organization is not part of the industry itself except possibly as an influencer). So whether something is 'external' or an 'influencer' seems more of a role or relationship rather an inherent classifier. The Semantic MOF RFP should allow more flexibility through elements being multiply-classified (which would allow the same element to be an instance of both Influencer and Supplier) but even with that capability you don't solve the issue that the concept is relative: 'influence' should be an association between two organizations; 'Influencer' should not be a class in its own right. Pete -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- From: Juergen Boldt [mailto:juergen@omg.org] Sent: Wednesday, August 09, 2006 9:56 PM To: issues@omg.org; bmm-ftf@omg.org Subject: issue 10093 -- BMM FTF issue This is issue # 10093 From: John Hall see attached, file will also be posted in FTF issues directory which is located at ftp://ftp.omg.org/pub/bmm-ftf/issues BMM: Influencers The BMM includes a set of Influencers. It is a good default set, but the supporting descriptions say that the set is not exhaustive - businesses may add further influences when creating an enterprise BMM (and may choose not to use some of those categories provided). Also, 'influencer' is quite a broad concept. From the examples, an instance of 'external influencer' might be: · A category of external entity or organization (e.g. competitor) that can act in such a way (e.g. competitor introduces new product) as to influence the enterprise being modeled · A mass noun (e.g. technology) that is a category of the kind of change that can influence the enterprise being modeled · An instance of a change (e.g. regulation) that can influence the enterprise being modeled The BMM would be more flexible, particularly from a tool developer's perspective, if the current set of influencers were positioned as a recommended set, and the three concepts mention above were made distinct. Proposal 1) Present the current set of influencers as a recommended or default set, and do not show them explicitly on the normative model diagram. 2) Separate the concepts of Entity/Organization (Influencer), change that requires judgment (Influence) and category. Suggested change to the UML class model: This was discussed at the BMI Atlanta meeting in September 2005. It was felt that, while the change suggested would be an improvement, the BMM should stand on its merits as published for the RFC process. Then, if the BMM were accepted, this issue could be considered by the FTF. Similarly, category should be separated from instance for internal influences. It was also noted that this kind of structure could support associations between influence(r)s. Resolution: Not yet decided Revised Text: Not yet decided Disposition: Open X-Originating-IP: [86.2.188.23] From: John Hall To: BMM FTF Subject: [BMM] Issues 10093, 10387 Influencers Date: Mon, 20 Aug 2007 19:19:50 +0000 X-OriginalArrivalTime: 20 Aug 2007 19:19:51.0198 (UTC) FILETIME=[14B25BE0:01C7E35F] Hello all, One of the documents that didn't make it to everyone last week John BMM Issue 10093 Influencers V3.doc Disposition: Open OMG Issue No: 10093 Title: BMM: Influencers Source: John Hall, Business Rules Group John Hall Summary: The BMM includes a set of Influencers. It is a good default set, but the supporting descriptions say that the set is not exhaustive - businesses may add further influences when creating an enterprise BMM (and may choose not to use some of those categories provided). Also, .influencer. is quite a broad concept. From the examples, an instance of .external influencer. might be: · A category of external entity or organization (e.g. competitor) that can act in such a way (e.g. competitor introduces new product) as to influence the enterprise being modeled · A mass noun (e.g. technology) that is a category of the kind of change that can influence the enterprise being modeled · An instance of a change (e.g. regulation) that can influence the enterprise being modeled The BMM would be more flexible, particularly from a tool developer.s perspective, if the current set of influencers were positioned as a recommended set, and the three concepts mention above were made distinct. Proposal 1) Separate the concepts of Entity/Organization that is the source of the Influencer from the Influencer itself and provide categories for them. 2) Move the current set of (non-normative) Influencers to an annex, and say that it is the default set recommended by the Business Rules Group, which originally developed the BMM. 3) Add an association to allow Organization Unit to act as Influencing Organization. This would resolve Issue 10387. The specializations under Influencer would be removed from the UML model, and replaced with the fragment shown below. This diagram illustrates the structure. Class names are shown in CamelCase, and association names include class names. Depending on what is agreed for resolution of Issue 10090 (UML Associations), the names might change, but the structure would be the one proposed. The only built-in specialization of Influencer would be Regulation. I think it.s reasonable to assume that all enterprises that would benefit from a BMM will have to deal with regulation (or, at least, directives from higher management that have to be treated as if they were regulation). The zero-to-many association end for Influencing Organization and Influencer allows some influencers just to be observed in the world rather than originating from an organization, and some to be related to several organizations, such as competitors. Resolution: TBD Revised Text: TBD Disposition: Open X-Originating-IP: [86.2.188.23] From: John Hall To: BMM FTF Subject: [BMM] Ballot 4 - Issue 10093 Date: Sat, 1 Sep 2007 12:10:35 +0000 X-OriginalArrivalTime: 01 Sep 2007 12:10:35.0208 (UTC) FILETIME=[19E32C80:01C7EC91] Hello all, To address Ed Barkmeyer.s concerns about Issue 10093, I propose to do the following: Make an editorial correction that Removes the heading numbers of sections 8.4.1.2 and 8.4.1.3 (and renumbers following sections) Inserts .Example:" at the start of the two titles to emphasize that the content is not normative. Raise issues for RTF to: Decide whether Internal Influencer and External Influencer should be normative or not Decide if 'Category of Category' (as Ed suggested) should be added to the BMM Regards, John User-Agent: Microsoft-Entourage/11.2.3.060209 Date: Sat, 01 Sep 2007 07:05:49 -0700 Subject: Re: [BMM] Ballot 4 - Issue 10093 From: keri To: John Hall , BMM FTF Thread-Topic: [BMM] Ballot 4 - Issue 10093 Thread-Index: AcfsoTLUcWCb7FiUEdyP/gARJM+Cgg== On 9/1/07 5:10 AM, "John Hall" wrote: Hello all, To address Ed Barkmeyer.s concerns about Issue 10093, I propose to do the following: Make an editorial correction that Removes the heading numbers of sections 8.4.1.2 and 8.4.1.3 (and renumbers following sections) Inserts .Example:" at the start of the two titles to emphasize that the content is not normative. Raise issues for RTF to: Decide whether Internal Influencer and External Influencer should be normative or not Decide if 'Category of Category' (as Ed suggested) should be added to the BMM John, While you're making these changes (the intent of which I agree with), you might want to take a look at an entry that 'looks funny' any make any minor ("typo") fixes called for. Is 'category' a defined term in BMM (i.e., to support its styling as 'term')? Is the first Definition actually intended to be a "definition" item? And is the second Definition intended to be a "Dictionary Basis"? Keri X-Originating-IP: [86.2.188.23] From: John Hall To: keri , BMM FTF Subject: RE: [BMM] Ballot 4 - Issue 10093 Date: Sat, 1 Sep 2007 15:14:58 +0000 X-OriginalArrivalTime: 01 Sep 2007 15:14:59.0079 (UTC) FILETIME=[DC77E970:01C7ECAA] Thanks, Keri. I have been having some problems with Rules Modeler changing bulleted styles in copying and pasting between documents. I thought I had caught and fixed them, but I missed this one. The second 'Definition' should be 'Dictionary basis'. The first 'Definition' is intended as a definition, but 'category' should be unstyled. I'll add these to the list of editing corrections for this ballot (to be included in the FTF Report) John -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Sat, 1 Sep 2007 07:05:49 -0700 Subject: Re: [BMM] Ballot 4 - Issue 10093 From: keri_ah@mac.com To: johnhallms@hotmail.com; bmm-ftf@omg.org On 9/1/07 5:10 AM, "John Hall" wrote: Hello all, To address Ed Barkmeyer.s concerns about Issue 10093, I propose to do the following: Make an editorial correction that Removes the heading numbers of sections 8.4.1.2 and 8.4.1.3 (and renumbers following sections) Inserts .Example:" at the start of the two titles to emphasize that the content is not normative. Raise issues for RTF to: Decide whether Internal Influencer and External Influencer should be normative or not Decide if 'Category of Category' (as Ed suggested) should be added to the BMM John, While you're making these changes (the intent of which I agree with), you might want to take a look at an entry that 'looks funny' any make any minor ("typo") fixes called for. Is 'category' a defined term in BMM (i.e., to support its styling as 'term')? Is the first Definition actually intended to be a "definition" item? And is the second Definition intended to be a "Dictionary Basis"? Keri User-Agent: Microsoft-Entourage/11.2.3.060209 Date: Sat, 01 Sep 2007 15:19:04 -0700 Subject: Re: [BMM] Ballot 4 - Issue 10093 From: keri To: John Hall , BMM FTF Thread-Topic: [BMM] Ballot 4 - Issue 10093 Thread-Index: Acfs5hrSWV1QKljZEdyP/gARJM+Cgg== John, There is still something 'odd' about this Definition that I can't put my finger on. In SBVR Structured English (which it appears you are using), something is specified as a category of something else simply by calling out that something else as the lead term of the definition text. And, even unstyled, to have 'category of influencer' suggests that you are wanting a fact type of "influencer has category" (the reverse reading) ... but that is what you get simply when one concept specializes another. It doesn't call for a fact type. (In SBVR we never created such fact types to specify categories.) Keri On 9/1/07 8:14 AM, "John Hall" wrote: Thanks, Keri. I have been having some problems with Rules Modeler changing bulleted styles in copying and pasting between documents. I thought I had caught and fixed them, but I missed this one. The second 'Definition' should be 'Dictionary basis'. The first 'Definition' is intended as a definition, but 'category' should be unstyled. I'll add these to the list of editing corrections for this ballot (to be included in the FTF Report) John -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Sat, 1 Sep 2007 07:05:49 -0700 Subject: Re: [BMM] Ballot 4 - Issue 10093 From: keri_ah@mac.com To: johnhallms@hotmail.com; bmm-ftf@omg.org On 9/1/07 5:10 AM, "John Hall" wrote: Hello all, To address Ed Barkmeyer.s concerns about Issue 10093, I propose to do the following: Make an editorial correction that Removes the heading numbers of sections 8.4.1.2 and 8.4.1.3 (and renumbers following sections) Inserts .Example:" at the start of the two titles to emphasize that the content is not normative. Raise issues for RTF to: Decide whether Internal Influencer and External Influencer should be normative or not Decide if 'Category of Category' (as Ed suggested) should be added to the BMM John, While you're making these changes (the intent of which I agree with), you might want to take a look at an entry that 'looks funny' any make any minor ("typo") fixes called for. Is 'category' a defined term in BMM (i.e., to support its styling as 'term')? Is the first Definition actually intended to be a "definition" item? And is the second Definition intended to be a "Dictionary Basis"? Keri