API4KP Knowledge Delivery Management Ontology
The purpose of this ontology is to define 'knowledge' and the related concepts that play a role in managing and delivering that knowledge to different audiences.
Elisa Kendall (ekendall at thematix.com)
Davide Sottara (sottara.davide@mayo.edu)
The https://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/20210201/api4kp.rdf version of this ontology was modified to leverage the Commons Ontology Library (API4KP-22), including replacement of references to Specification Metadata and references to LCC with the Commons Annotation Vocabulary and other Commons ontologies, and to reduce the dependency on DOL as appropriate.
Copyright (c) 2014-2023 Fraunhofer Gesellschaft
Copyright (c) 2014-2023 Freie Universität Berlin
Copyright (c) 2014-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER)
Copyright (c) 2014-2023 Raytheon Technologies
Copyright (c) 2014-2023 Thematix Partners LLC
Copyright (c) 2015-2023 Object Management Group, Inc.
Copyright (c) 2019-2023 Universität Leipzig
advanced knowledge
anonymous knowledge resource
Knowledge Resource that is not identified by a an ID assigned by a central identification authority
approachable knowledge resource
available knowledge resource
There exists a repository where an agent is allowed to obtain a copy of (some artifact that carries) the knowledge resource
More specifically, an artifact that carries a representation of the expression of some (version of a) work of knowledge
A complex corpus that encompasses the entirety of the knowledge about a specific Business Domain
broadly understandable knowledge resource
Knowledge Resource that is interpreted by an agent that possesses Common Knowledge, and can be interpreted by an agent even if Common Knowledge is all the Knowledge they possess
"Understandability' is defined at the concept level, so that an agent can (re)construct an internal representation of the knowledge, reconnecting the it to the related concepts that agent is expected to possess, and possibly make pragmatic use of it. The availability of a carrier, and the expression of the knowledge in a language that can be parsed by the agent are necessary, but not sufficient conditions.
business domain
A concept that synthesizes, abstracting and implying it, a functional complex of more granular concepts that define all the entities and relationships (actors, roles, activities and processes, resources, information, responsibilities, etc...) pertaining to a field or discipline
clinical business domain
A domain that includes concepts dealing with risk/cause, evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and management of health and wellness conditions, including methods for the appropriate application of tests, procedures, drugs, and treatments.
This is considered a class since there are multiple notions of 'Clinical Domain', varying e.g. by country or over time.
clinical knowledge resource
Asset that is the realization of a Work of Knowledge, whose subject includes on one or more concepts from some Clinical Domain
common knowledge
Knowledge that everyone has, and everyone is known to have
(concretely realized) piece of content
Distributable, Concrete Expression of some Intellectual Work, in some Human Consumable Language
(concretely realized) piece of knowledge
A Piece of Knowledge is a Distributable, Concrete Expression of an Intellectual Work of Knowledge
(concretely realized) piece of knowledge content
Piece of Content that is the expression of a Work of knowledge
Like any Piece of Content, a PoCK is expressed using some natural language, and formatted for consumption by a human audience (as opposed to be used for computation by a software)
core knowledge asset
Asset such that Assets may be derived from it, but is not itself derived from any other Asset (although it could be a derivative of another Resource)
digital knowledge artifact
An artifact that carries some form of knowledge encoded by means of discretized signals
digital knowledge artifact directory
Function of a (software) agent that relies on a Knowledge Artifact Inventory that references Digital Knowledge Artifacts
digital knowledge artifact repository
Function served by an entity that stores Digital Knowledge Artifacts
digital knowledge asset surrogate
digital knowledge asset surrogate repository
a repository specialized in digital asset surrogates
digital knowledge management dervice provider
knowledge management service provider for digital knowledge artifacts
distributable expression
Concrete Expression that is realized by a self-contained knowledge artifact, and suitable to be used in a knowledge transfer activity
domain knowledge
Knowledge specifically about, and thus scoped by, some Business Domain (e.g. healthcare)
domain-specific knowledge resource
Knowledge resource that expresses a work of knowledge that captures a piece of domain specific knowledge
Knowledge Work that has subject some aspect of a single Business Domain
endorsed knowledge resource
Knowledge Resource that is endorsed by an agent / party. That agent is expected to have adequate subject matter expertise, must have the permission, and should have the authority to do so
experiential learning activity
activity where an agent gains knowledge through individual experience, as opposed to transfer from a different agent that already possesses that knowledge
expert knowledge
Domain Knowledge acquired by advanced certified training, practice and/or research
explicit knowledge
Knowledge that can be communicated from agent to agent
surrogate of externally catalogued resource
(Meta) Surrogate S that carries the description of a Surrogate T, and such that S and T are not stored in the same repository
surrogate of externally managed resource
a surrogate S that carries a resource description D about a resource R, and such that S is not stored in the same repository as the master copy of R
foundational knowledge
Knowledge that is acquired by means of formal training in a domain (e.g. equivalent to a MS level)
frontal delivery of instruction
A knowledge transfer activity that assumes the spatio-temporal co-location of two agents, where direct communication is used to transfer Knowlege from one to the other
delivery of graduate-level instruction
identified knowledge resource
Knowledge Resource that is identified by a an ID assigned by a central identification authority
inlined knowledge resource description
A descriptor that is a proper sub-part of the (same) structured knowledge resource that has, as a proper sub-part, the resource the descriptor is providing information about
surrogate of internally managed resource
a surrogate S that carries a resource description D about a resource R, and such that S is stored in the same repository as the master copy of R
knowledge acquisition activity
An abstract activity that allows the agent performing it to gain some Knowledge. Concrete examples include learning, observing, experiencing, and combinations thereof.
The act by which an designated party (a knowledge approval body) transfers their authority to a knowledge asset
knowledge artifact directory
function of an agent that can be queried to resolve the identity and/or location of certain knowledge artifacts. The function is enabled by the agent's internal representation of an artifact inventory
knowledge artifact editor
function of a tool that is used in activities that involve the creation, editing and curation of knowledge artifacts, both from a content and form perspective
knowledge artifact inventory
A complex collection of references to one or more Knowledge Artifacts
knowledge asset
Identified Knowledge Resource, i.e. that is identified by an ID assigned by a central identification authority Assets are valuable to parties acting within that domain.
knowledge asset description
a Knowledge Asset that has another Asset as subject
The act of expressing a Work of Knowledge in some language
An expert's act of creating a new Work of Knowledge
The act of formatting and typesetting a Knowledge Expression to fit a designated carrier
knowledge endorsing party
Party that has the authority and the subject matter expertise to endorse some Work of Knowledge. The trust in the Party gets transferred to the Work of Knowledge
knowledge management service provider
The function of an entity that serves the role of Knowledge Manager, enabling the creation, maintenance, storage, cataloguing, and delivery/distribution of knowledge artifacts
knowledge meta-description
A knowledge resource description whose subject is another knowledge description
For the purpose of knowledge management, knowledge asset descriptions are assets that can be assembled into a knowledge base, and used for reasoning. Meta-descriptions can be materialized as needed for such knowledge bases, allowing to use a model-driven approach to knowledge management
activity by which an endorsed knowledge resource is released to the public, to be used, making it possible for agents to acquire it
knowledge representation embedding surrogate
A Surrogate that realizes a knowledge descriptor, and embeds a representation of either the knowledge resource it describes, or a derivative thereof. (This concept is defined at the manifestation/item level. The two expressions are realized independently and included in the same manifestation, with the surrogate being the primary entity the manifestation is realizing)
An expert's comparison of a knowledge asset with their subject matter expertise, to determine whether the work is still accurate, faithful and up to date
A knowledge review that results in a new version of a knowledge asset
Activity with 2 or more participant agents. Before it is performed, there exists 2 participants A and B, such that A possesses some knowledge K, and B does not. After the activity is completed, B will possess that knowledge K.
mainstream knowledge resource
Latest Published Version of a Knowledge Resource. i.e. Published Knowledge Resource such that there is no revision that is also Published.
TODO Deprecated. Moved to the core ONTOLOGY
master copies are usually stored in dedicated repositories, from where copies can be obtained
artifact that is used as the source in replication activities
medical business domain
domain that encompasses the science of health in general: including, but not limited to, the study the human body (anatomy and physiology), the practice of medicine as the prevention and treatment of diseaes, pharmacology as the science of substances that can affect the human body
original knowledge resource
The first (version of an) Knowledge Resource, such that there are no predecessor (expressions of previous) Works that have been used during its creation.
published knowledge resource
resource that has been published by means of a publication activity
sophisticated knowledge resource
Knowledge Resource that can be interpreted only by an agent that possesses some Knowledge other than Common Knowledge, or that requires some (other) Knowledge Resource i.e.: not Standalone or not Broadly Understandable
specialist knowledge
Domain Knowledge acquired by advanced certified training
standalone knowledge resource
Such a Resource can be interpreted by an agent (that has the appropriate knowledge pre-requisites) without the need to look up any additional Knowledge Resources
Knowledge Resource that does not depend on any other resource
tacit knowledge
Knowledge that can not be transfered to another agent by means of direct communication
delivery of undergraduate level instruction
Archival is a kind of storage implying no immediate use. Archiving is scoped to artifacts only
An agent's endorsement of a knowledge endeavor implies (i) that the agent is able to understand the content of that endeavor, internally representing the knowledge (expressed by (the expression carried)) in the endeavor, (ii) that the agent transfers their reputation and trust to that endeavor
An Agent possesses some Knowledge if they can conceptualize that Knowledge, and act based on that Knowledge
The possession of some Knowledge is the outcome of a Knowledge Acquisition Activity
An artifact that resulted from the copy of a 'master copy' is a replica of that copy