# baseURI: https://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/api4kp-krr/
# imports: https://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/api4kp-lang/
# imports: https://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/api4kp-series/
# imports: https://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/api4kp/
# imports: https://www.omg.org/spec/Commons/AnnotationVocabulary/
# imports: https://www.omg.org/spec/Commons/Collections/
# imports: https://www.omg.org/spec/DOL/DOL-terms/
# imports: https://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/Languages/LanguageRepresentation/
@base .
@prefix api4kp: .
@prefix api4kp-krr: .
@prefix api4kp-lang: .
@prefix api4kp-series: .
@prefix cmns-av: .
@prefix cmns-col: .
@prefix dct: .
@prefix dol: .
@prefix lcc-lr: .
@prefix owl: .
@prefix rdf: .
@prefix rdfs: .
@prefix skos: .
@prefix xsd: .
a owl:Ontology ;
rdfs:label "API4KP Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Terminology Ontology" ;
dct:abstract "This ontology covers the primary knowledge representation and reasoning (KRR) terminology used for describing the concepts used by the API4KP specification." ;
dct:contributor "Elisa Kendall (ekendall at thematix.com)" ;
dct:creator "Davide Sottara (sottara.davide at mayo.edu)" ;
dct:license "http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT"^^xsd:anyURI ;
owl:imports
,
,
,
,
,
,
;
owl:versionIRI ;
skos:changeNote "The https://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/20210201/api4kp-krr.rdf version of this ontology was modified to leverage the Commons Ontology Library (API4KP-22), including replacement of references to Specification Metadata and references to LCC with the Commons Annotation Vocabulary and other Commons ontologies, and to reduce the dependency on DOL as appropriate." ;
cmns-av:copyright
"Copyright (c) 2014-2023 Athan Services" ,
"Copyright (c) 2014-2023 Fraunhofer Gesellschaft" ,
"Copyright (c) 2014-2023 Freie Universität Berlin" ,
"Copyright (c) 2014-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER)" ,
"Copyright (c) 2014-2023 Raytheon Technologies" ,
"Copyright (c) 2014-2023 Thematix Partners LLC" ,
"Copyright (c) 2015-2023 Object Management Group, Inc." ,
"Copyright (c) 2019-2023 Universität Leipzig" ,
"Copyright (c) 2020-2023 Micro Focus"
;
.
dol:StructuredOMS
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-krr:CompositeComputableKnowledgeResource ;
.
api4kp-krr:BasicEnvironment
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf
api4kp-krr:FocusedEnvironment ,
[
a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty api4kp-krr:hasEnvironmentMapping ;
owl:cardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
]
;
rdfs:label "basic environment" ;
skos:definition "focused environment having exactly one member" ;
.
api4kp-krr:BasicMachineReadableKnowledgeResource
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf api4kp:BasicKnowledgeResource ;
rdfs:label "basic machine-readable knowledge resource" ;
owl:disjointWith api4kp-krr:CompositeComputableKnowledgeResource ;
owl:equivalentClass [
a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf (
api4kp-krr:MachineReadableKnowledgeResource
[
a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty api4kp:hasStructuringComponent ;
owl:onClass api4kp:StructuringKnowledgeExpression ;
owl:qualifiedCardinality "0"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
]
) ;
] ;
skos:definition "unstructured native machine-readable knowledge resource" ;
skos:example "KE1: the instance of the OWL 2 DL abstract syntax for the latest version of a biomedical ontology from an ontology series KA1 defining observable entities, such as the 2015 international version of the SNOMED-CT knowledge base\\footnote{http://browser.ihtsdotools.org/} (see also the definition of Basic Knowledge Asset). This ontology differs from other versions of the series only in the natural language definitions." ;
skos:note "well-formed, stand-alone formula in the abstract syntax of a machine-readable language" ;
skos:scopeNote 'The use of "basic" in API4KP differs from its usage in DOL - a DOL basic OMS (ontologies, models and specifications) is a set, and corresponds to a Set-structured piece of knowledge in API4KP.' ;
cmns-av:synonym "unstructured (KRR) knowledge resource" ;
.
api4kp-krr:CategoricalEnvironment
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-krr:EnvironmentWithIdentity ;
rdfs:label "categorical environment" ;
skos:definition "environment with an associative composition operation for mappings, that is closed under composition and contains an identity mapping for every member" ;
.
api4kp-krr:ComposableEnvironment
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-krr:Environment ;
rdfs:label "composable environment" ;
skos:definition "an environment having a composition operation where the composition of its mappings is a mapping of the environment whenever the composition is well-defined" ;
skos:editorialNote "The composition M2 o M1 of two mappings M1 and M2 is well-defined when M1 maps to the same thing that M2 maps from. (The codomain of M1 is the domain of M2)." ;
.
api4kp-krr:CompositeComputableKnowledgeResource
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf
api4kp:CompositeKnowledgeResource ,
[
a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty api4kp:hasStructuralComponent ;
owl:someValuesFrom api4kp-krr:MachineReadableKnowledgeResource ;
]
;
rdfs:label "composite computable knowledge resource" ;
skos:definition "collection of machine readable knowledge resources, which are not necessarily in the same language and may themselves have structure." ;
skos:example
"KE2: a heterogeneous collection of streaming data and RDF graphs, together with static OWL ontologies and CL texts, and ECA rules describing actions of a CDS" ,
"KE3: the OWL 2 DL ontology series KA1, viewed as a collection of expressions rather than an equivalence class"
;
.
api4kp-krr:ComputationalComplexityClass
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf api4kp:DefinedConcept ;
rdfs:label "computational complexity class" ;
rdfs:seeAlso
"https://complexityzoo.uwaterloo.ca/Complexity_Zoo" ,
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_complexity_classes"
;
skos:definition "abstraction that relates the size of a problem to the amount of resources (space and time) needed to solve the problem using a given algorithm" ;
.
api4kp-krr:EmptyEnvironment
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf
api4kp-krr:Environment ,
[
a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty api4kp-krr:hasEnvironmentMapping ;
owl:cardinality "0"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
]
;
rdfs:label "empty environment" ;
owl:disjointWith api4kp-krr:NonEmptyEnvironment ;
skos:definition "environment with no members or mappings" ;
.
api4kp-krr:Environment
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-series:ImmutableEntity ;
rdfs:label "environment" ;
skos:definition "mathematical structure of mappings and members, where the domain and codomains of the mappings are members of the environment" ;
skos:example "a KRR language environment containing semantics-preserving translations from RDF and OWL into CL, assisting in the integrated interpretation of a stream of RDF graphs and OWL ontologies" ;
.
api4kp-krr:EnvironmentWithIdentity
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-krr:ComposableEnvironment ;
rdfs:label "environment with identity" ;
skos:definition "composable environment having an identity mapping for each member" ;
skos:editorialNote "an identity mapping is a mapping whose domain and codomain are the same, and when composed with another mapping is equal to the original mapping" ;
.
api4kp-krr:FocusedEnvironment
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-krr:NonEmptyEnvironment ;
rdfs:label "focused environment" ;
skos:definition "non-empty environment which has a member F (called the focus or focus member) such that for every other member A, there is a mapping in the environment from A to F" ;
.
api4kp-krr:HeterogeneousComputableKnowledgeResource
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-krr:MachineReadableKnowledgeResource ;
rdfs:label "heterogeneous computable knowledge resource" ;
owl:equivalentClass [
a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf (
api4kp-krr:HeterogeneousKnowledgeResource
api4kp-krr:MachineReadableKnowledgeResource
) ;
] ;
skos:definition "heterogeneous knowledge resource that uses a machine readable language as primary language" ;
.
api4kp-krr:HeterogeneousKnowledgeResource
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "heterogeneous knowledge resource" ;
owl:equivalentClass [
a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf (
api4kp:KnowledgeResource
[
a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty dol:usesLanguage ;
owl:onClass lcc-lr:Language ;
owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
]
) ;
] ;
skos:definition "knowledge resource expressed by means of 2 or more languages" ;
.
api4kp-krr:HybridKnowledgeBase
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf
api4kp-krr:ImmutableKnowledgeBase ,
[
a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty api4kp:isManifestedIn ;
owl:someValuesFrom api4kp-krr:CompositeComputableKnowledgeResource ;
]
;
rdfs:label "hybrid knowledge base" ;
skos:definition "knowledge base composed by multiple parts that have different computational semantics and pragmatics, and thus are likely based on different logics" ;
.
api4kp-krr:HybridKnowledgeEnvironment
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf
api4kp-krr:CategoricalEnvironment ,
api4kp-krr:LanguageEnvironment ,
api4kp-krr:PreservingEnvironment ,
[
a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf (
api4kp-krr:LanguageEnvironment
[
a owl:Class ;
owl:complementOf api4kp-krr:FocusedEnvironment ;
]
) ;
]
;
rdfs:label "hybrid knowledge environment" ;
skos:note "categorical, preserving language environment where multiple KRR languages, and mappings thereof, are supported" ;
.
api4kp-krr:ImmutableKnowledgeBase
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf
api4kp-krr:KnowledgeBase ,
api4kp:KnowledgeAsset
;
rdfs:label "immutable knowledgebase" ;
skos:definition "knowledge base that cannot be changed" ;
skos:note "An KB can be immutable by nature. Otherwise, any snapshot of a KB at a given point in time (including the time of its creation) is considered immutable." ;
.
api4kp-krr:KnowledgeBase
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf api4kp:WorkOfKnowledge ;
rdfs:label "knowledge base" ;
skos:definition "work of knowledge designed to support reasoning activities" ;
skos:note "A knowledge base is formed by one or more pieces of knowledge, related in different way, such that each piece plays some kind of role." ;
.
api4kp-krr:LanguageEnvironment
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf
api4kp-krr:Environment ,
[
a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty api4kp-krr:hasEnvironmentMember ;
owl:allValuesFrom api4kp-lang:KnowledgeRepresentationAndReasoningLanguage ;
]
;
rdfs:label "language environment" ;
skos:definition "environment whose members are languages" ;
.
api4kp-krr:MachineReadableKnowledgeResource
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf
api4kp:KnowledgeResource ,
[
a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty dol:usesLanguage ;
owl:someValuesFrom api4kp-lang:MachineReadableLanguage ;
]
;
rdfs:label "machine-readable knowledge resource" ;
skos:definition "set of expressions in one or more machine readable languages, in the context of a logical environment that determines how these expressions are jointly interpreted." ;
skos:example
"Example A: OWL Ground fact expressing that Socrates is a philosopher." ,
"Example B: Common Logic sentence expressing that Socrates is a philosopher." ,
"Example C: RDF graph expressing that the author of Moby Dick is Herman Melville." ,
"Example D: SPARQL query for the names of philosphers." ,
"Example E: A and B, together with a mapping that allows OWL to be converted to Common Logic."
;
.
api4kp-krr:MutableKnowledgeBase
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-series:Series ;
rdfs:label "mutable knowledge base" ;
skos:definition "knowledge base that evolves over time as structuring operations are applied to it, 'in place'" ;
.
api4kp-krr:NativeComputableKnowledgeResource
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "native computable knowledge resource" ;
owl:equivalentClass [
a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf (
api4kp-krr:MachineReadableKnowledgeResource
api4kp-krr:NativeKnowledgeResource
[
a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty dol:usesLanguage ;
owl:onClass api4kp-lang:KnowledgeRepresentationAndReasoningLanguage ;
owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
]
) ;
] ;
skos:definition "computable knowledge resource that uses exactly 1 language that is a machine readable language" ;
.
api4kp-krr:NativeKnowledgeResource
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "native knowledge resource" ;
owl:equivalentClass [
a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf (
api4kp:KnowledgeResource
[
a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty dol:usesLanguage ;
owl:onClass lcc-lr:Language ;
owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
]
) ;
] ;
skos:definition "knowledge resource that uses exactly one language" ;
.
api4kp-krr:NonEmptyEnvironment
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf
api4kp-krr:Environment ,
[
a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty api4kp-krr:hasEnvironmentMapping ;
owl:someValuesFrom dol:Mapping ;
]
;
rdfs:label "non-empty environment" ;
skos:definition "environment with at least one member and one mapping" ;
.
api4kp-krr:PivotalKnowledgeEnvironment
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf
api4kp-krr:CategoricalEnvironment ,
api4kp-krr:FocusedEnvironment ,
api4kp-krr:LanguageEnvironment ,
api4kp-krr:PreservingEnvironment
;
rdfs:label "pivotal knowledge environment" ;
skos:definition "focused, categorical, preserving language environment where the focus is a KRR language" ;
skos:scopeNote "The special case where all languages in an knowledge environment are KRR languages supporting model-theoretic semantics without side-effects (logics), and the preserving property is characterized by a logical graph reduces to a heterogeneous logical environment as defined in DOL." ;
.
api4kp-krr:PreservingEnvironment
a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-krr:Environment ;
rdfs:label "preserving environment" ;
skos:definition "environment where every mapping preserves a specified property" ;
.
api4kp-krr:allPreserve
a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "all preserve" ;
rdfs:domain api4kp-krr:PreservingEnvironment ;
skos:definition "contains only mappings that preserve" ;
.
api4kp-krr:hasEnvironmentMapping
a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "has environment mapping" ;
rdfs:range dol:Mapping ;
owl:inverseOf api4kp-krr:isEnvironmentMappingOf ;
skos:definition "contains mapping" ;
.
api4kp-krr:hasEnvironmentMember
a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf cmns-col:hasMember ;
rdfs:label "has environment member" ;
rdfs:domain api4kp-krr:NonEmptyEnvironment ;
skos:definition "contains member" ;
.
api4kp-krr:hasFocusMember
a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf api4kp-krr:hasEnvironmentMember ;
rdfs:label "has focus member" ;
skos:definition "is the sole member of" ;
.
api4kp-krr:hasSubEnvironment
a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf api4kp:hasProperPart ;
rdfs:label "has sub-environment" ;
owl:inverseOf api4kp-krr:isSubEnvironmentOf ;
skos:definition "has a closed subset of members and mappings that make up an environment" ;
.
api4kp-krr:isAccordingTo
a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "according to" ;
rdfs:range api4kp-krr:Environment ;
skos:definition "relationship between a collection and an environment whereby the results of application of a mapping of the environment to a member of the collection are also members of the environment" ;
.
api4kp-krr:isEnvironmentMappingOf
a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "is environment mapping of" ;
skos:definition "is mapping member of" ;
.
api4kp-krr:isSubEnvironmentOf
a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf api4kp:isProperPartOf ;
rdfs:label "is sub-environment of"@en ;
rdfs:domain api4kp-krr:Environment ;
rdfs:range api4kp-krr:Environment ;
skos:definition "contains a subset of members and mappings with respect to the target environment that is a partial order, where the language and logic graphs of the source enviroment are subgraphs, respectively, of the language and logic graphs of the target environment" ;
.
api4kp-krr:preserves
a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "preserves" ;
rdfs:domain dol:Mapping ;
owl:propertyChainAxiom (
api4kp-krr:isEnvironmentMappingOf
api4kp-krr:allPreserve
) ;
skos:definition "when applied, ensures that a property of the source entity is also a property of the target entity" ;
.
api4kp:ComputableKnowledgeArtifact
a owl:Class ;
skos:example "Example: my copy in my Download folder of the encoding in UTF-8 of the serialization in Manchester syntax of an OWL ontology." ;
.