# baseURI: https://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/api4kp-krr/ # imports: https://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/api4kp-lang/ # imports: https://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/api4kp-series/ # imports: https://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/api4kp/ # imports: https://www.omg.org/spec/Commons/AnnotationVocabulary/ # imports: https://www.omg.org/spec/Commons/Collections/ # imports: https://www.omg.org/spec/DOL/DOL-terms/ # imports: https://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/Languages/LanguageRepresentation/ @base . @prefix api4kp: . @prefix api4kp-krr: . @prefix api4kp-lang: . @prefix api4kp-series: . @prefix cmns-av: . @prefix cmns-col: . @prefix dct: . @prefix dol: . @prefix lcc-lr: . @prefix owl: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix skos: . @prefix xsd: . a owl:Ontology ; rdfs:label "API4KP Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Terminology Ontology" ; dct:abstract "This ontology covers the primary knowledge representation and reasoning (KRR) terminology used for describing the concepts used by the API4KP specification." ; dct:contributor "Elisa Kendall (ekendall at thematix.com)" ; dct:creator "Davide Sottara (sottara.davide at mayo.edu)" ; dct:license "http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:imports , , , , , , ; owl:versionIRI ; skos:changeNote "The https://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/20210201/api4kp-krr.rdf version of this ontology was modified to leverage the Commons Ontology Library (API4KP-22), including replacement of references to Specification Metadata and references to LCC with the Commons Annotation Vocabulary and other Commons ontologies, and to reduce the dependency on DOL as appropriate." ; cmns-av:copyright "Copyright (c) 2014-2023 Athan Services" , "Copyright (c) 2014-2023 Fraunhofer Gesellschaft" , "Copyright (c) 2014-2023 Freie Universität Berlin" , "Copyright (c) 2014-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER)" , "Copyright (c) 2014-2023 Raytheon Technologies" , "Copyright (c) 2014-2023 Thematix Partners LLC" , "Copyright (c) 2015-2023 Object Management Group, Inc." , "Copyright (c) 2019-2023 Universität Leipzig" , "Copyright (c) 2020-2023 Micro Focus" ; . dol:StructuredOMS a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-krr:CompositeComputableKnowledgeResource ; . api4kp-krr:BasicEnvironment a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-krr:FocusedEnvironment , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty api4kp-krr:hasEnvironmentMapping ; owl:cardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; ] ; rdfs:label "basic environment" ; skos:definition "focused environment having exactly one member" ; . api4kp-krr:BasicMachineReadableKnowledgeResource a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf api4kp:BasicKnowledgeResource ; rdfs:label "basic machine-readable knowledge resource" ; owl:disjointWith api4kp-krr:CompositeComputableKnowledgeResource ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf ( api4kp-krr:MachineReadableKnowledgeResource [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty api4kp:hasStructuringComponent ; owl:onClass api4kp:StructuringKnowledgeExpression ; owl:qualifiedCardinality "0"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; ] ) ; ] ; skos:definition "unstructured native machine-readable knowledge resource" ; skos:example "KE1: the instance of the OWL 2 DL abstract syntax for the latest version of a biomedical ontology from an ontology series KA1 defining observable entities, such as the 2015 international version of the SNOMED-CT knowledge base\\footnote{http://browser.ihtsdotools.org/} (see also the definition of Basic Knowledge Asset). This ontology differs from other versions of the series only in the natural language definitions." ; skos:note "well-formed, stand-alone formula in the abstract syntax of a machine-readable language" ; skos:scopeNote 'The use of "basic" in API4KP differs from its usage in DOL - a DOL basic OMS (ontologies, models and specifications) is a set, and corresponds to a Set-structured piece of knowledge in API4KP.' ; cmns-av:synonym "unstructured (KRR) knowledge resource" ; . api4kp-krr:CategoricalEnvironment a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-krr:EnvironmentWithIdentity ; rdfs:label "categorical environment" ; skos:definition "environment with an associative composition operation for mappings, that is closed under composition and contains an identity mapping for every member" ; . api4kp-krr:ComposableEnvironment a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-krr:Environment ; rdfs:label "composable environment" ; skos:definition "an environment having a composition operation where the composition of its mappings is a mapping of the environment whenever the composition is well-defined" ; skos:editorialNote "The composition M2 o M1 of two mappings M1 and M2 is well-defined when M1 maps to the same thing that M2 maps from. (The codomain of M1 is the domain of M2)." ; . api4kp-krr:CompositeComputableKnowledgeResource a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf api4kp:CompositeKnowledgeResource , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty api4kp:hasStructuralComponent ; owl:someValuesFrom api4kp-krr:MachineReadableKnowledgeResource ; ] ; rdfs:label "composite computable knowledge resource" ; skos:definition "collection of machine readable knowledge resources, which are not necessarily in the same language and may themselves have structure." ; skos:example "KE2: a heterogeneous collection of streaming data and RDF graphs, together with static OWL ontologies and CL texts, and ECA rules describing actions of a CDS" , "KE3: the OWL 2 DL ontology series KA1, viewed as a collection of expressions rather than an equivalence class" ; . api4kp-krr:ComputationalComplexityClass a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf api4kp:DefinedConcept ; rdfs:label "computational complexity class" ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://complexityzoo.uwaterloo.ca/Complexity_Zoo" , "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_complexity_classes" ; skos:definition "abstraction that relates the size of a problem to the amount of resources (space and time) needed to solve the problem using a given algorithm" ; . api4kp-krr:EmptyEnvironment a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-krr:Environment , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty api4kp-krr:hasEnvironmentMapping ; owl:cardinality "0"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; ] ; rdfs:label "empty environment" ; owl:disjointWith api4kp-krr:NonEmptyEnvironment ; skos:definition "environment with no members or mappings" ; . api4kp-krr:Environment a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-series:ImmutableEntity ; rdfs:label "environment" ; skos:definition "mathematical structure of mappings and members, where the domain and codomains of the mappings are members of the environment" ; skos:example "a KRR language environment containing semantics-preserving translations from RDF and OWL into CL, assisting in the integrated interpretation of a stream of RDF graphs and OWL ontologies" ; . api4kp-krr:EnvironmentWithIdentity a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-krr:ComposableEnvironment ; rdfs:label "environment with identity" ; skos:definition "composable environment having an identity mapping for each member" ; skos:editorialNote "an identity mapping is a mapping whose domain and codomain are the same, and when composed with another mapping is equal to the original mapping" ; . api4kp-krr:FocusedEnvironment a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-krr:NonEmptyEnvironment ; rdfs:label "focused environment" ; skos:definition "non-empty environment which has a member F (called the focus or focus member) such that for every other member A, there is a mapping in the environment from A to F" ; . api4kp-krr:HeterogeneousComputableKnowledgeResource a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-krr:MachineReadableKnowledgeResource ; rdfs:label "heterogeneous computable knowledge resource" ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf ( api4kp-krr:HeterogeneousKnowledgeResource api4kp-krr:MachineReadableKnowledgeResource ) ; ] ; skos:definition "heterogeneous knowledge resource that uses a machine readable language as primary language" ; . api4kp-krr:HeterogeneousKnowledgeResource a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "heterogeneous knowledge resource" ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf ( api4kp:KnowledgeResource [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty dol:usesLanguage ; owl:onClass lcc-lr:Language ; owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; ] ) ; ] ; skos:definition "knowledge resource expressed by means of 2 or more languages" ; . api4kp-krr:HybridKnowledgeBase a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-krr:ImmutableKnowledgeBase , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty api4kp:isManifestedIn ; owl:someValuesFrom api4kp-krr:CompositeComputableKnowledgeResource ; ] ; rdfs:label "hybrid knowledge base" ; skos:definition "knowledge base composed by multiple parts that have different computational semantics and pragmatics, and thus are likely based on different logics" ; . api4kp-krr:HybridKnowledgeEnvironment a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-krr:CategoricalEnvironment , api4kp-krr:LanguageEnvironment , api4kp-krr:PreservingEnvironment , [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf ( api4kp-krr:LanguageEnvironment [ a owl:Class ; owl:complementOf api4kp-krr:FocusedEnvironment ; ] ) ; ] ; rdfs:label "hybrid knowledge environment" ; skos:note "categorical, preserving language environment where multiple KRR languages, and mappings thereof, are supported" ; . api4kp-krr:ImmutableKnowledgeBase a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-krr:KnowledgeBase , api4kp:KnowledgeAsset ; rdfs:label "immutable knowledgebase" ; skos:definition "knowledge base that cannot be changed" ; skos:note "An KB can be immutable by nature. Otherwise, any snapshot of a KB at a given point in time (including the time of its creation) is considered immutable." ; . api4kp-krr:KnowledgeBase a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf api4kp:WorkOfKnowledge ; rdfs:label "knowledge base" ; skos:definition "work of knowledge designed to support reasoning activities" ; skos:note "A knowledge base is formed by one or more pieces of knowledge, related in different way, such that each piece plays some kind of role." ; . api4kp-krr:LanguageEnvironment a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-krr:Environment , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty api4kp-krr:hasEnvironmentMember ; owl:allValuesFrom api4kp-lang:KnowledgeRepresentationAndReasoningLanguage ; ] ; rdfs:label "language environment" ; skos:definition "environment whose members are languages" ; . api4kp-krr:MachineReadableKnowledgeResource a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf api4kp:KnowledgeResource , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty dol:usesLanguage ; owl:someValuesFrom api4kp-lang:MachineReadableLanguage ; ] ; rdfs:label "machine-readable knowledge resource" ; skos:definition "set of expressions in one or more machine readable languages, in the context of a logical environment that determines how these expressions are jointly interpreted." ; skos:example "Example A: OWL Ground fact expressing that Socrates is a philosopher." , "Example B: Common Logic sentence expressing that Socrates is a philosopher." , "Example C: RDF graph expressing that the author of Moby Dick is Herman Melville." , "Example D: SPARQL query for the names of philosphers." , "Example E: A and B, together with a mapping that allows OWL to be converted to Common Logic." ; . api4kp-krr:MutableKnowledgeBase a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-series:Series ; rdfs:label "mutable knowledge base" ; skos:definition "knowledge base that evolves over time as structuring operations are applied to it, 'in place'" ; . api4kp-krr:NativeComputableKnowledgeResource a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "native computable knowledge resource" ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf ( api4kp-krr:MachineReadableKnowledgeResource api4kp-krr:NativeKnowledgeResource [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty dol:usesLanguage ; owl:onClass api4kp-lang:KnowledgeRepresentationAndReasoningLanguage ; owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; ] ) ; ] ; skos:definition "computable knowledge resource that uses exactly 1 language that is a machine readable language" ; . api4kp-krr:NativeKnowledgeResource a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "native knowledge resource" ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf ( api4kp:KnowledgeResource [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty dol:usesLanguage ; owl:onClass lcc-lr:Language ; owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; ] ) ; ] ; skos:definition "knowledge resource that uses exactly one language" ; . api4kp-krr:NonEmptyEnvironment a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-krr:Environment , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty api4kp-krr:hasEnvironmentMapping ; owl:someValuesFrom dol:Mapping ; ] ; rdfs:label "non-empty environment" ; skos:definition "environment with at least one member and one mapping" ; . api4kp-krr:PivotalKnowledgeEnvironment a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-krr:CategoricalEnvironment , api4kp-krr:FocusedEnvironment , api4kp-krr:LanguageEnvironment , api4kp-krr:PreservingEnvironment ; rdfs:label "pivotal knowledge environment" ; skos:definition "focused, categorical, preserving language environment where the focus is a KRR language" ; skos:scopeNote "The special case where all languages in an knowledge environment are KRR languages supporting model-theoretic semantics without side-effects (logics), and the preserving property is characterized by a logical graph reduces to a heterogeneous logical environment as defined in DOL." ; . api4kp-krr:PreservingEnvironment a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf api4kp-krr:Environment ; rdfs:label "preserving environment" ; skos:definition "environment where every mapping preserves a specified property" ; . api4kp-krr:allPreserve a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "all preserve" ; rdfs:domain api4kp-krr:PreservingEnvironment ; skos:definition "contains only mappings that preserve" ; . api4kp-krr:hasEnvironmentMapping a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "has environment mapping" ; rdfs:range dol:Mapping ; owl:inverseOf api4kp-krr:isEnvironmentMappingOf ; skos:definition "contains mapping" ; . api4kp-krr:hasEnvironmentMember a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf cmns-col:hasMember ; rdfs:label "has environment member" ; rdfs:domain api4kp-krr:NonEmptyEnvironment ; skos:definition "contains member" ; . api4kp-krr:hasFocusMember a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf api4kp-krr:hasEnvironmentMember ; rdfs:label "has focus member" ; skos:definition "is the sole member of" ; . api4kp-krr:hasSubEnvironment a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf api4kp:hasProperPart ; rdfs:label "has sub-environment" ; owl:inverseOf api4kp-krr:isSubEnvironmentOf ; skos:definition "has a closed subset of members and mappings that make up an environment" ; . api4kp-krr:isAccordingTo a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "according to" ; rdfs:range api4kp-krr:Environment ; skos:definition "relationship between a collection and an environment whereby the results of application of a mapping of the environment to a member of the collection are also members of the environment" ; . api4kp-krr:isEnvironmentMappingOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "is environment mapping of" ; skos:definition "is mapping member of" ; . api4kp-krr:isSubEnvironmentOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf api4kp:isProperPartOf ; rdfs:label "is sub-environment of"@en ; rdfs:domain api4kp-krr:Environment ; rdfs:range api4kp-krr:Environment ; skos:definition "contains a subset of members and mappings with respect to the target environment that is a partial order, where the language and logic graphs of the source enviroment are subgraphs, respectively, of the language and logic graphs of the target environment" ; . api4kp-krr:preserves a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "preserves" ; rdfs:domain dol:Mapping ; owl:propertyChainAxiom ( api4kp-krr:isEnvironmentMappingOf api4kp-krr:allPreserve ) ; skos:definition "when applied, ensures that a property of the source entity is also a property of the target entity" ; . api4kp:ComputableKnowledgeArtifact a owl:Class ; skos:example "Example: my copy in my Download folder of the encoding in UTF-8 of the serialization in Manchester syntax of an OWL ontology." ; .