BACM ontology
type: Ontology
imports: AnnotationVocabulary
title: Business Architecture Core Metamodel - BACM

AbstractAction
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
usage note: AbstractAction is used to classify entities that should be disjoint from Capability, AbstractResult and AbstractThing. It is not used for any other purpose in the metamodel.

AbstractResult
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
usage note: AbstractResult is used to classify entities that should be disjoint from Capability, AbstractAction and AbstractThing. It is not used for any other purpose in the metamodel.

AbstractThing
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
usage note: AbstractThing is used to classify entities that should be disjoint from Capability, AbstractResult and AbstractAction . It is not used for any other purpose in the metamodel.

BACM Model
type: Class
subclass of: BACMElement
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: smm model
  on class: SmmModel
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: smm model
  on class: SmmModel
  max qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: strategy choices
  on class: StrategyChoices
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measure library
  on class: MeasureLibrary
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bacm element
  on class: BACMElement
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The BACMModel represents the root element of a BACM model (i.e. the element from which a tool or person can navigate to every other element in the model)
usage note: Usage: A single instance of this class must exist in an instance model

BACMElement
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: bacm element
  on class: BACM Model
  qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: description
  on data range: string
  qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: name
  on data range: string
  qualified cardinality: 1
definition: Definition: The BACMElement represents the class of all elements in a BACM model. It provides elements with a name and description and allows elements to be annotated.
usage note: Usage: BACMElement is an abstract class and cannnot be instantiated in a model.

SmmModel
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: smm model
  on class: BACM Model
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: smm model
  on class: BACM Model
  max qualified cardinality: 1
definition: Definition: An SmmModel represents the collection of MeasureLibraries and other entities needed to implement a set of measures appropriate to a business architecture model based on the BACM specification.
usage note: Usage: SmmModel specializes the corresponding concept from the SMM 1.2 specification. The BACM effectively imports the whole of the SMM specification metamodel

StrategyChoices
type: Class
subclass of: BACMPlainEntity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: strategy choices
  on class: BACM Model
  qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: alternative
  on class: StrategyModel
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The StrategyChoices represents a suite of strategies that can be evaluated for selection. Each StrategyModel in a StrategyChoices element shall be considered as alternatives. Alternative StrategyModels may share Means, Ends, Initiatives and Changes.
usage note: Usage: There may be at most a single instance of StrategyChoices in a BACM model

MeasureLibrary
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: measure library
  on class: BACM Model
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: measure library
  on class: BACM Model
  max qualified cardinality: 1
definition: Definition: The MeasureLibrary represents a collection of measures (measurement types) that define measurements associated with BACM model elements.
usage note: Usage: The MeasureLibrary specializes the corresponding concept from he SMM 1.2 specification. The BACM metamodel effectively imports the entire SMM metamodel.

BACMBinDirRelation
type: Class
subclass of: BACMRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BACMRelToEntity
  on class: BACMEntity
  min qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BACMRelFromEntity
  on class: BACMEntity
  min qualified cardinality: 1
definition: Definition: BACMBinDirRelation is an abstract class that generalizes the classes resulting from the transformation of model associations stereotyped as <<class> or <<shortcut>>. It specializes BACMRelation to represent binary directed relations and redefines the association between BACMRelation and BACMEntity to designate the start (from_bacm_entity) and end (to_bacm_entity) of the relation directio

BACMRelation
type: Class
subclass of: BACMEntity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BACMRelEntity
  on class: BACMEntity
  min qualified cardinality: 1
definition: Definition: BACMRelation is an abstract class that models n-ary relations with features and the ability to participate in other specializations and instances of this class as bacm_entity ends.
usage note: Usage: BACMRelation is the generalization of all classes resulting from the transformation of <<association>> stereotyped classes. The model associations determined to be legs of the <<association>> stereotyped classes are transformed to specialize the association with ends bacm_entity and bacm_relation

BACMEntity
type: Class
subclass of: BusinessElement
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: BACMRelToEntity
  on class: BACMBinDirRelation
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: BACMRelFromEntity
  on class: BACMBinDirRelation
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: BACMRelEntity
  on class: BACMRelation
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: BACMEntity is an abstract class that is characterized by participating in relationships defined by BACMRelation and BACMBinDirRelation. BACMEntity is also a generalization of all classes intended to represent concepts of the modeled business. See the normative XMI file for details.
usage note: Usage: Both BACMRelation and BACMBinDirRelation are specializations of BACMEntity allowing these relationships to participate in other relationship

BusinessElement
type: Class
subclass of: BACMElement
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: owns_0
  on class: BusinessElement
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: owns_0
  on class: BusinessElement
  max qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: aggregates_0
  on class: BusinessElement
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: generalizes_0
  on class: BusinessElement
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: element
  on class: Measurement
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: class
  on class: Scope
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: BusEleExtRel
  on class: ExternalRelationship
  min qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: nature
  on class: Responsible
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owns_0
  on class: BusinessElement
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates_0
  on class: BusinessElement
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: generalizes_0
  on class: BusinessElement
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: abstract
  on data range: boolean
  qualified cardinality: 1
definition: Definition: BusinessElement represents a concept or entity that existing or is planned to exist in the business.
usage note: Usage: BusinessElement is an abstract base class for all classes whose instances represent business entities.

BACMPlainEntity
type: Class
subclass of: BACMEntity
definition: Definition: BACMPlainEntity is an abstract class disjoint from BACMRelation that classifies all BACM classes representing concepts of the modeled business that are not specializations of BACMRelation.
usage note: Usage: BACMPlainEntity and BACMRelation distinguish classes intended to represent entities from those intended to represent associations

BACMShortcut
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: constr
  on data range: string
  min qualified cardinality: 1
definition: Definition: BACMShortcut is an abstract class inherited by the transformation of all metamodel classes stereotyped as <<shortcut> and all generated classes that result from the transformation of model classes stereotyped as <<shortcut>>. It declares a string (constr) that defines the shortcut constraint and a boolean valued function (hasDetail) that evaluates the constraint string and determines whether it is true or false.
usage note: Usage: In the normative XMI, the constraint string defined in the model is represented as an OCL function that determines if there is a specified path between the instances at the ends of the association. The modeler is allowed to use the constraint mechanism to define shortcut associations within the instance model. In this case, the constr attribute will contain the constraint string and the modeler must provide an implementation of the hasDetail function that evaluates the string and returns a boolean result

Measurement
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: element
  on class: BusinessElement
  min qualified cardinality: 1
definition: Definition: Measurement represents an actual measurement, which includes the time and other attributes of the measurement and the measure (measurement type).
usage note: Usage: Measurement specializes the corresponding class in the SMM 2.1 specification to define the measurand as a BACM BusinessElement.

Scope
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: class
  on class: BusinessElement
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: class
  on class: BusinessElement
  max qualified cardinality: 1
definition: Definition: The Scope class represents a collection of BACM BusinessElements that define the scope of a Measurement.
usage note: Usage: See the SMM 1.2 specification. The Scope class specializes the corresponding class in the SMM metamodel to allow scope selection by BACM Category

ExternalRelationship
type: Class
subclass of: BACMElement
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BusEleExtRel
  on class: BusinessElement
  min qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: externalRelData
  on class: ExternalData
  min qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: language
  on data range: string
  qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specification
  on data range: string
  qualified cardinality: 1
definition: Definition: ExternalRealtionship represents a relationship between a BusinessElement in a provider tool or repository to ExternalData in another tool or Repository. The external data may be a BusinessElement (or a linked collection of BusinessElements) or some other element (or linked collection of elements) from a model that is not a BACM model. The IRI must identify a resource to which the specification String can be applied to identify the element (or linked set of elements) in that resource. The language attribute of the ExternalRelationship identifies the language of the specification String. Note that BusinessElement classifies all BACM classes and associations that are intended to represent business concepts (as opposed to model concepts or analysis concepts).
usage note: Usage: The tool provider may elect to provide services to dereference the ExternalData and apply the specification to allow the architect to view and interact with the results. However, a compliant implementation may just implement, import and export the ExternalRelationship, the ExternalData and the links connecting them and connecting the ExternalRelationship to the BusienssElement. If the language string is the string "Natural" or a string that identifies a natural language. then the specification Strong will be a natural language description of the alignment mappin

Responsible
type: Class
subclass of: AbstractOperatingModel
subclass of: BACMRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: nature
  on class: BusinessElement
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: target
  on class: OrgUnit
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: target
  on class: OrgUnit
  max qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: source
  on class: OrgUnit
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: source
  on class: OrgUnit
  max qualified cardinality: 1
definition: Definition: Responsible represents an unspecified kind of responsibility relationship between a source OrgUnit and a target OrgUnit. This relationship may also include a BusinessElement that defines the nature of the association.
usage note: Usage: Responsible instances may form generalization hierarchies. The business architect may create these hierarchies to represent particular types of responsibility relationships found in the business. When specializing Responsible instances, the source, target and nature association legs may be subsetted to restrict them to particular types of OrgUnit and BusinessElement

ExternalData
type: Class
subclass of: BACMElement
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: externalRelData
  on class: ExternalRelationship
  min qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: resourceIdentifier
  on data range: anyURI
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: resourceIdentifier
  on data range: anyURI
  max qualified cardinality: 1
definition: Definition: ExternalData is a class that wraps an IRI. An ExternalRelationship instance may be associated with multiple ExternalData instances

AbstractBusinessObject
type: Class
subclass of: BACMPlainEntity
subclass of: AbstractOperatingModel
subclass of: AbstractThing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: related 1
  on class: ObjectRelation
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from scopes
  on class: scopes
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to object 1
  on class: object 1
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to object 0
  on class: object_0
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to stateOf
  on class: stateOf
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to recordedAs
  on class: recordedAs
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: AbstractBusinessObject represents BusinessObjects or InformationItems.
usage note: Usage: AbstractBusinessObject cannot be instanced or specialized in a business arcitecture model. The AbstractBusinessObject metaclass has two concrete subclasses: BusinessObject - instances represent tangible things of importance to the business. InformationItem - instances represent intangible (mental) concepts important to the business. The AbstractBusinessObject metaclass provides its concrete specializations with the state_of association to Outcomes and the scopes association to Capability and CapabilityBehavior. AbstractBusinessObject also provides for ObjectRelations that may relate any collection of BusinessObjects and InformationItems.

AbstractOperatingModel
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to baseline 2
  on class: baseline 2
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to impacts 1
  on class: impacts 1
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to baseline 0
  on class: baseline_0
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to impacts 0
  on class: impacts_0
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: AbstractOperatingModel is an abstract metaclass whose concrete specializations are the model elements of the operating model (see the AbstractOperatingModel diagram). This metaclass groups together the concrete metaclasses that may be impacted by a Means or Initiative or baselined by Ends or Changes
usage note: Usage: Means and Initiatives describe behaviors that will impact parts of the operating model of the business to achieve the Ends and Changes associated with the Means and Initiatives. While the behaviors are described by the Means and Initiatives, the affected operating model components are represented by the impacts relationship to facilitate analysis of these impacts for feasibility, risk, cost and other measures. Ends and Change describe the new state and behavior of the baselined parts of the operating model of the business. For example, an End may be the improvement of throughput and reduction of wait time for a CapabilityImplementation. The Means may be the addition of personnel and upgrading of an application. The End describes a new baseline for the CapabilityImplementation (relative to the existing baseline associated with the CapabilityImplementation). The Means describes the behaviors to be carried out with respect to the staffing and resourcing of the CapabilityImplementation

ObjectRelation
type: Class
subclass of: AbstractOperatingModel
subclass of: BACMRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: related 1
  on class: AbstractBusinessObject
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: ObjectRelation represents any relationship of any arity among BusinessObjects and InformationItems.
usage note: Usage: The architect may use ObjectRelation to indicate that two BusinessObjects are joined together or that one BusinessObject is part of another

AbstractCapability
type: Class
subclass of: AbstractOperatingModel
subclass of: BACMPlainEntity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: ofCapability
  on class: Role
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to scopes
  on class: scopes
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from needs 0
  on class: needs_0
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from produces 0
  on class: produces_0
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to require 1
  on class: require 1
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to require 0
  on class: require_0
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to object 2
  on class: object 2
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to informs 0
  on class: informs_0
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to implements 5
  on class: implements 5
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to implements 0
  on class: implements_0
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: AbstractCapability is not intended to represent a business concept. It is a metamodeling device to provide relationships to Capability and CapabilityBehavior that would otherwise be duplicated.
usage note: Usage: The AbstractCapability metaclass has two concrete specializations: Capability and CapabilityBehavior. Only the specializations can be instanced in models. AbstractCapability provides the following to its concrete specializations: to represent the production of an Outcome; to represent the need for an Outcome; to represent the ability of an InformationItem to inform the behavior of a Capability and/or CapabilityBehavior; to represent the ability of a CapabilityImplementation to implement a Capability and/or a CapabilityBehavior; to represent the notion that a BusinessObject and/or an InformationItem scopes a Capability and/or a CapabilityBehavior </ol

Role
type: Class
subclass of: AbstractOperatingModel
subclass of: BACMRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from assignTo 3
  on class: assignTo 3
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ofCapability
  on class: AbstractCapability
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ofCapability
  on class: AbstractCapability
  max qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ofProcess
  on class: AbstractProcess
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ofProcess
  on class: AbstractProcess
  max qualified cardinality: 1
definition: Definition: Role represents a specified way for an entity to participate in producing the Outcome of a Capability or a Process. However, only the concrete subclasses of Role may be used in a model.
usage note: Usage: Role is an abstract association meta-class used to model relationships between Performers and Resources and Capabilities and Processes. It represents how Performers and Resources participate in behavior descriptions as represented by CapabilityBehaviors and/or in Capabilities. The Role meta-class is stereotyped as an association and its concrete instances are effectively class associations. Specifically, the Role meta-class acts as an n-ary association with three predominant patterns: 1. A Capability is associated with a Performer; 2. A CapabilityBehavior is associated with a Performer, or a choice of an OrgUnit or a System; 3. A CapabilityImplementation is associated with a CapabilityBehavior and a choice of an OrgUnit or a System. These three patterns represent: 1. An abstract view of the business capability with detail added by the Role instance indicating the type of activity to be performed. Since a Capability may have multiple associated Roles, this implies that the Capability incorporates multiple activities. 2. An intermediate view of the business used in planning where details about the specific behaviors of a capability and the type of performer entity (OrgUnit or System) are specified, but the actual or planned assignment of real OrgUnits or Systems has not occurred. 3. A more detailed planning/implementation view of the business in which specific performers and resources have been or are planned to be allocated to a Capability and its CapabilityBehaviors by way of a set of CapabilityImplementations. Neither ResourceRoles nor PerformerRoles may exist without being linked to a Capability or a CapabilityBehavior or a Process or an Activity with the role link. A Capability and a CapabilityBehavior may share a Role, but an assignment to that Role will be the same for both the Capability and the CapabilityBehavior. To indicate that a CapabilityBehavior and a Capability have related roles, the modeler should create a specialization ot the Capability Role…

BusinessObject
type: Class
subclass of: AbstractBusinessObject
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from realize
  on class: realize
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from contains
  on class: contains
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to isAbout
  on class: isAbout
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: BusinessObject represents a tangible thing that is of significance to a business.
usage note: Usage: BusinessObjects may also overlap with other classes in the model; for example a BusinessObject may also be a Resource used by a Capability. Typically, the BusinessObject represents tangible things that are acted on by the Capabilities of a business to create a new Outcome that defines a new state of the BusinessObject. An assembly robot may be a Performer associated with an assembly Capability. The same assembly robot may be a BusinessObject when it is no longer needed and is sold.

Capability
type: Class
subclass of: AbstractCapability
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from supports
  on class: supports
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to delivers
  on class: delivers
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: Capability represents generalization over variations in behavior and variations in structure applied to the behavior where the same general Outcome is produced by the behavior.. A Capability represents the ability a business has to produce an Outcome without specifying how that Outcome is produced.
usage note: Usage: Capability is defined in this way to allow executives to analyze variation in business behaviors and structures that all produce the same or similar outcomes. In addition, observing problems or successes that recur in most or all of the variations of a Capability is a clue that the business has a systemic problem with respect to the capability. For example, if all behavior variants and implementations of a Capability are underperforming, then one might wish to understand why. Capabilities may be decomposed in a strict hierarchy, but are not allowed to be specialized. The CapabilityBehavior that delivers a Capability is used to represent behavioral variants of a Capability. A Capability may be implemented by a CapabilityImplementation, a collection of Resources and Performers that are assigned Roles in the Capability. The modeler may use any of the following patterns: Capability is defined without CapabilityBejaviors or CapabilityImplementations; Capability is defined with CapabilityImplementations annotated with proposed resources and performers but without Roles, Resources and Performers; Capability is defined with Roles, CapabilityImplementations, Performers, Resources where the Performers and Resources are aggregated to the CapabilityImplementation and are assigned to Roles of the Capability; Capability is defined as in 3. and CapabilityBehaviors are defined delivering the Capability with Role assignments to CapabilityBehavior compatible with the assignments to Capability Roles; Capability is defined with delivering CapabilityBehaviors but no CapabilityImplementation; Capability is defined with Roles and delivering CapabilityBehaviors are defined with consistent Roles; All other configurations are disallowed.
example: Constraint: Capability instances may own other Capability instances but may not aggregate or generalize them

CapabilityBehavior
type: Class
subclass of: AbstractAction
subclass of: AbstractCapability
subclass of: APCICB
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from delivers
  on class: delivers
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: CapabilityBehavior represents a behavior description or specification, such as process diagrams, procedures manuals and other means of recording and publishing expected business practices.
usage note: Usage: CapabilityBehavior also represents rules, regulations and policies that constrain behavior, whether imposed by statute, regulators or business executives. CapabilityBehaviors deliver a Capability, indicating that the set CapabilityBehaviors associated to a Capability are variant ways of producing the same or similar Outcomes. CapabilityBehaviors may have associated Roles. These Roles define how Performers and Resources may participate in the described or specified behavior. CapabilityBehavior is a subtype of AbstractCapability and inherits associations with the Outcomes of Capabilities. These associations represent the ability of a behavior to produce an outcome. The Outcomes produced by a CapabilityBehavior are usually more specific than Outcomes produced by the Capability. Often the Outcome of a CapabilityBehavior will include side-effects that result from the particular behavior, such as resources consumed in executing the behavior or time taken by the execution. CapabilityBehaviors are not decomposable, but may be associated with Processes, which are decomposable

APCICB
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to specifies
  on class: specifies
  min qualified cardinality: 0
usage note: Usage: This abstract element defines a union type for AbstractProcess, CapabilityImplementation and CapabilityProvider, allowing the specifies association to connect any instances of any concrete subclasses of these classes.

CapabilityImplementation
type: Class
subclass of: BACMPlainEntity
subclass of: AbstractOperatingModel
subclass of: APCICB
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from implements 5
  on class: implements 5
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from implements 3
  on class: implements 3
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to assignTo 3
  on class: assignTo 3
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates 2
  on class: Resource
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates 1
  on class: Performer
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The CapabilityImplementation represents a collection of Resources and Performers that may be used to implement a Capability or CapabilityBehavior (see the Roles diagram).
usage note: Usage: The Resources and Performers are optional; the modeler may create instances of CapabilityImplementation annotated with a description of proposed or planned resources and performers and subsequently add the Performers and Resources.

Resource
type: Class
subclass of: AbstractThing
subclass of: AbstractOperatingModel
subclass of: BACMPlainEntity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: aggregates 2
  on class: CapabilityImplementation
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: assignTo 1
  on class: ResourceRole
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: Resource represents an entity that is required or needed by a ResourceRole but is not a Performer and does not become a part of a BusinessObject or InformationItem associated with any Outcome produced by the Capability or CapabilityBehavior.
usage note: Usage: These relationships are represented by the assignment of structural components of the business to roles of Capabilities/CapabilityBehaviors and Processes/Activities

Performer
type: Class
subclass of: BACMPlainEntity
subclass of: AbstractThing
subclass of: AbstractOperatingModel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: aggregates 1
  on class: CapabilityImplementation
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: assignTo 2
  on class: PerformerRole
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from participate
  on class: participate
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from belongs to
  on class: belongs to
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The Performer represents entities that are capable of performing PerformerRoles. Performer has two specializations: OrgUnit and System, representing a human components of the business or a system.
usage note: Usage: The Performer is concrete to allow modeling the need for a Performer without committing to a human assignment, a system assignment, or a combination of both. Performers are generally described by skills or abilities. The Performer and Resource classes are not disjoint (i.e. an entity may be a Resource with respect to one Capability while being a Performer with respect to another Capability). An entity may not be both a Performer and a Resource of the same Capability

InformationItem
type: Class
subclass of: AbstractBusinessObject
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from informs 0
  on class: informs_0
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to realize
  on class: realize
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from isAbout
  on class: isAbout
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from informs 1
  on class: informs 1
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The InformationItem represents a kind of information.
usage note: Usage: The same InformationItem may represent a thought or piece of knowedge and a physical manifestation of that thought or knowledge as a document or a dataset

Outcome
type: Class
subclass of: AbstractOperatingModel
subclass of: AbstractResult
subclass of: BACMPlainEntity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: related_0
  on class: OutcomeRelation
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from stateOf
  on class: stateOf
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from recordedAs
  on class: recordedAs
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to needs 0
  on class: needs_0
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to produces 0
  on class: produces_0
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from triggers
  on class: triggers
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to experiences
  on class: experiences
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to incorporates 0
  on class: incorporates_0
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to input
  on class: input
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to values
  on class: values
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to output
  on class: output
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: An Outcome represents a fact or collection of facts about an experienced state of affairs pertaining to one or more BusinessObjects and/or InformationItems. Outcomes are produced/needed by Iand outputs/inputs of AbstractProcesses.
usage note: Usage: For example, a Capability to attach wheels to a vehicle being manufactured would require that a vehicle without wheels be available and that wheels be available. This requirements would be modeled as two Outcomes: 1. A vehicle without wheels is available to the Capability, and 2. A set of wheels is available to the Capability. The result of the Capability is another Outcome in which the wheels are no longer separate but are attached to the vehicle. Separating the state of a BusinessObject or InformationItem from the BusinessObject or InformationItem allows the model to represent many possible states of the BusinessObject or InformationItem and associate each state with the Capabilities and/or CapabilityBehaviors that produce the states. Outcome and its AbstractBusinessObjects must represent a single, consistent set of facts whether viewed from the capability perspective or the process perspective. However, the facts represented by a Outcome may not be at the same level of detail when viewed in a capability perspective as when viewed in a process perspective. For example, a process perspective may represent the wheel assembly activities in greater detail, specifying the additional tools and parts needed to attach the wheels to the vehicle with intermediate Outcomes representing the stages of mounting the wheels to the hubs, attaching the nuts to the hub bolts, and tightening them to the required torque specification. The beginning and end of this sequence of Outcomes are the same in the process perspective and in the capability perspective. Other semantic relationships provided for Outcome are generalization and aggregation.

OutcomeRelation
type: Class
subclass of: AbstractOperatingModel
subclass of: BACMRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: related_0
  on class: Outcome
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: OutcomeRelation represents any kind of semantic relationship between Outcomes.
usage note: Usage: The architect may create instances of any arity to define semantic relationships between Outcomes. For example, two Outcomes may be specified as alternative that cannot both be produced by a Capability or Process in a single execution

PerformerRole
type: Class
subclass of: Role
subclass of: BACMRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assignTo 2
  on class: Performer
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assignTo 2
  on class: Performer
  max qualified cardinality: 1
definition: Definition: PerformerRole represents skills, knowledge and willingness to use these in the production of the Outcomes of a Capability.
usage note: Usage: PerformerRole represents roles that must be fulfilled by human or automation actors.

ResourceRole
type: Class
subclass of: Role
subclass of: BACMRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assignTo 1
  on class: Resource
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assignTo 1
  on class: Resource
  max qualified cardinality: 1
definition: Definition: ResourceRole represents the set of roles that must be fulfilled by business entities that are passive participants in the Capability, CapabilityBehavior, Process or Activity. This includes tools, locations and materials that are used in the behavior but do not become incorporated into the Outcome of the behavior. Any materials or entities that are incorporated into a BusinessObject or InformationItem whose Outcomes are produced by the Capability or CapabilityBehavior should be represented as BusinessObjects or InformationItems associated with Outcomes needed by the Capability and not represented as Resources in this context.
usage note: Usage:

AbstractProcess
type: Class
subclass of: APCICB
subclass of: AbstractAction
subclass of: AbstractOperatingModel
subclass of: BACMPlainEntity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: ofProcess
  on class: Role
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from implements 0
  on class: implements_0
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to informs 1
  on class: informs 1
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from input
  on class: input
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from output
  on class: output
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: aggregates
  on class: Process
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from implements 1
  on class: implements 1
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: AbstractProcess is not intended to represent a busines concept. It is a metamodeling technical device to share relationships with Process and Activity that would otherwise need to be duplicated.
usage note: Usage: AbstractProcess is an abstract meta-class that provides input and output Outcome connection abilities to both Process and Activity. It also provides the role link to PerformerRoles and ResourceRoled. It also provides the implements link to a ValueStream or some ValueStreamStages. Since implements aligns the scope of the Process with either a ValueStreamStage or a ValueStream, it should not link both a ValueStreamStage and the ValueStream the ValueStreamStage belongs to

scopes
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: BACMShortcut
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to scopes
  on class: AbstractCapability
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to scopes
  on class: AbstractCapability
  max qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from scopes
  on class: AbstractBusinessObject
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from scopes
  on class: AbstractBusinessObject
  max qualified cardinality: 1
definition: Definition: The scopes shortcut association allows a Capability and/or CapabilityBehavior to be associated with some BusinessObjects and.or an InformationItems without defining Outcomes produced or needed by the Capability and/or CapabilityBehavior.
usage note: Usage: The modeler may elect to subsequently define such Outcomes, which must be consistent with the constraint specified by the scopes shortcut association.
example: Constraint: Let BO1 be a BusinessObject and C1 be a Capability that are associated by scopes s1. Then there should existin the model an Outcome O1 such that C1 produces O1 and O1 is a stateOf BO1.

object 1
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: BACMShortcut
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from object 1
  on class: ProcurementOffering
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to object 1
  on class: AbstractBusinessObject
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The object shortcut association asserts that the ProcurementOffering incorporates unspecified Outcomes describing the states of AbstractBusinessObjects.
usage note: Usage: This association allows the business architect to omit the Outcome in the procurement of some AbstractBusinessObjects for use by theBusiness when those Outcomes are obvious or irrelevant to the purposes of the analysis that is using the business architecture model.
example: Constraint: Let POf1 be a ProcurementOffering and BO1 be a BusinessObject associated by o1 an "object" association. Then POf1 should incorporate ProcurementOutcomes {POj} that represent either the change of ownership of BO1 or the establishment of a limited right to use BO1.

ProcurementOffering
type: Class
subclass of: ProductOffering
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from object 1
  on class: object 1
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from incorporates 1
  on class: incorporates 1
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: ProcurementOffering is an offering by theBusiness to purchase or lease a BusinessObject and/or InformationItem from a LegalEntity

object_0
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: BACMShortcut
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from object 0
  on class: MerchandiseOffering
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to object 0
  on class: AbstractBusinessObject
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The object association represents a shortcut relationship between a MerchandiseOffering and a BusinessObject or InformationItem offered for sale or lease to the Customer.
usage note: Usage: This shortcut implies that there is an unspecified MerchandiseOutcome of the AbstractBusinessObject that would describe the terms of ownership/use incorporated in the MerchandiseOffering.
example: Constraint: Let MOf1 be a MerchandiseOffering and BO1 be a BusinessObject associated by o1 an "object" association. Then MOf1 should incorporate MerchandiseOutcomes {MOj} that represent either the change of ownership of BO1 or the establishment of a limited right to use BO1

MerchandiseOffering
type: Class
subclass of: ProductOffering
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from object 0
  on class: object_0
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from incorporates 2
  on class: incorporates 2
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: A MerchandiseOffering irepresents an offering to sell or lease a good to a customer who may use the good to produce Outcomes.
usage note: Usage: The MerchandiseOffering is characterized by some BusinessObjects or InformationItems that would be transferred to the Customer for use by the Customer. The BusinessObjects and/or InformationItems are objects of the MerchandiseOffering

stateOf
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from stateOf
  on class: Outcome
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to stateOf
  on class: AbstractBusinessObject
  min qualified cardinality: 0
usage note: The "state_of" meta-association applies a state to an AbstractBusinessObject instance. For example, a passenger may be transported from one location to another by a Capability, and the Outcome resulting from the Capability execution represents the fact that the passenger is now in the destinationlocation.

recordedAs
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from recordedAs
  on class: Outcome
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to recordedAs
  on class: AbstractBusinessObject
  min qualified cardinality: 0

needs_0
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to needs 0
  on class: Outcome
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from needs 0
  on class: AbstractCapability
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The needs association represents the assertion that a Capability and/or CapabilityBehavior needs, desires or requires a particular Outcome representing a state of an BusinessObject or InformationItem.

produces_0
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to produces 0
  on class: Outcome
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from produces 0
  on class: AbstractCapability
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The produces association represents that a Capability and/or CapabilityBehavior may produce the Outcome

require 1
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from require 1
  on class: Initiative
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to require 1
  on class: AbstractCapability
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The require association represents that a Capability and/or CapabilityBehavior is required for performance of the Initiative.
usage note: Usage: Definition of this association in an M1 level model allows the business architect to record and analyze such requirements.

Initiative
type: Class
subclass of: BACMPlainEntity
subclass of: AbstractAction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from require 1
  on class: require 1
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to implements 3
  on class: implements 3
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from impacts 1
  on class: impacts 1
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from expects 1
  on class: expects 1
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from needs 2
  on class: needs 2
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from implements 4
  on class: implements 4
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: Initiatives represent plans to change business functions in order to achieve the business results described by Changes. Initiatives should be linked to the expected Changes with the expects association.
usage note: Usage: Initiatives may be decomposed and may share sub-Initiatives

require_0
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from require 0
  on class: Means
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to require 0
  on class: AbstractCapability
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The require association represents that a Capability and/or CapabilityBehavior is required for performance of the Means.
usage note: Usage:Definition of this association in an M1 level model allows the business architect to record and analyze such requirements

Means
type: Class
subclass of: AbstractAction
subclass of: BACMPlainEntity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from require 0
  on class: require_0
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: aggregates 4
  on class: StrategyModel
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from impacts 0
  on class: impacts_0
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to needs 1
  on class: needs 1
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from expects 0
  on class: expects_0
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to implements 4
  on class: implements 4
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: Means represent possible behaviors that will change functional elements of the business (represented by Capabilities, CapabilityBehaviors, CapabilityImplementations, Processes, Activities, Roles, Performers and Resources). These changes are expected to produce the changes represented by the Ends. Each End should be expected to result from the changes described by one or more Means.
usage note: Usage: Means can be decomposed and subordinate Means may be shared by aggregator Means

object 2
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: BACMShortcut
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from object 2
  on class: ServiceOffering
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to object 2
  on class: AbstractCapability
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: the object shortcut association designates an AbstractCapability possessed by theBusiness that is intended to produce the ServiceOutcome incorporated into the ServiceOffering. Constraint: Let SOf1 be a ServiceOffering and C1 be a Capability that is associated by o1 an object association. Then there should exist a ServiceOutcome SO1 such that SO1 is incoporated in SOf1 and SO1 is produced by C1
example: Constraint: Let SOf1 be a ServiceOffering and C1 be a Capability that is associated by o1 an object association. Then there should exist a ServiceOutcome SO1 such that SO1 is incoporated in SOf1 and SO1 is produced by C1

ServiceOffering
type: Class
subclass of: ProductOffering
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from object 2
  on class: object 2
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from incorporates 3
  on class: incorporates 3
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: ServiceOffering represents an offer to provide a service to a Customer. the busienss provides the CapabilityImplementations and CapabilityBehaviors needed to effect the Outcome promised to the Customer by the ServiceOffering.
usage note: Usage: A ServiceOffering is a specialization of a ProductOffering such that a Capability or CapabilityBehavior or Process or Activity is performed to produce an Outcome that is incorporated into the service. Unlike a sale or lease, where some incorporated Outcomes represent a change of ownership or poseeseeion/use of a business object, the incorporated Outcomes (such as a cleaned residence) are the primary Outcomes desired by the customer. A business that offers a ServiceOffering must incorporate or arrange for the Capabilities and or Processes needed to produce the promised Outcomes

informs_0
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from informs 0
  on class: InformationItem
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to informs 0
  on class: AbstractCapability
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The informs association represents the influence of information (represented by InformationItem) on a Capability or a CapabilityBehavior.
usage note: Usage: Information, such as weather, production targets, and results of a business analysis project will change how a business behaves and how a Capability or CapabilityBehavior performs

implements 5
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: BACMShortcut
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from implements 5
  on class: CapabilityImplementation
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to implements 5
  on class: AbstractCapability
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The implements association represents a relationship meaning that the CapabilityImplementation provides Performers and Resources to implement a Capability or CapabilityBehavior.
usage note: Usage: The implements association is a shortcut linking a CapabilityImplementation to a Capability or CapabilityBehavior. It carries a constraints that Performers and Resources in the CapabilityImplementation should be assigned to Roles of the Capability or CapabilityBehavior.
example: Constraint: Given a CapabilityImplementation CI1 and a Capability C1, if an impliements association I1 exists between CI1 and C1, then paths should exist between CI1 and C1 such that for some subset of the Performers {Pi} aggregated by CI1 and some subset of the Resources {Ri} aggregated by CI1, the Pi are assignTo PerformerRoles PRj and assignTo ResourceRoles RRj ofCapability C

implements_0
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: BACMShortcut
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from implements 0
  on class: AbstractProcess
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to implements 0
  on class: AbstractCapability
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The implements shortcut represents that a CapabilityBehavior and an AbstractProcess have related Outcomes
usage note: Usage: It could also be justified by a common Performer playing a role in the CapabilityBehavior and the AbstractProcess
example: Constraint: Let P1 be a Process and C1 be a capability associated by an implements association. Then there should exist Outcomes O1 and O2 such that O1 is produced by (needed by) C1 and O2 is output (input) by P1 and O1 and O2 are related such that they are the same Outcome or one is in the extended aggregation of the other or one is the extended specialization of the other or any chain of relationships connecting the two where the chain consists exclusively of being aggregated by or being a specialization of the predecessor Outcome

realize
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to realize
  on class: InformationItem
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from realize
  on class: BusinessObject
  min qualified cardinality: 0

contains
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to contains
  on class: System
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from contains
  on class: BusinessObject
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The contains association represents that BusinessObjects may contain System.
usage note: Usage: In some cases, a BusinessObject and a System may represent different aspects of the same entity; since meta-classes in this meta-model are not assumed disjoint, an instance may have both BusinessObject and System as metaclasses. However, a BusinessObject may contain several Systems and other BusinessObjects as well. In this case, the Systems are not aspects of the primary BusinessObject, and the contains association allows the architect to represent this. An example of this latter case is a primary BusinessObject that is a computer and the System is a software package hosted on that computer (along with other software packages). The software package may be an instance of a System and also an instance of a BusinessObject (i.e. the code

System
type: Class
subclass of: Performer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to contains
  on class: contains
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The System represents the concept of a non-human performer, such as an IT system or a robot. Tools such as jigs and drills are not considered Perfomers for the purpose of business architecture. They should be modeled as Resources

isAbout
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from isAbout
  on class: InformationItem
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to isAbout
  on class: BusinessObject
  min qualified cardinality: 0
usage note: The is about association represents the coupling of information to a business object where the information represents some aspects or characterizations of the business object. For example, a business object that is a car may have a "digital twin", i.e. a collection of information that describes the state of being of the car. Such a "digital twin" is more accessible for controlling and auditing the business than the actual catr.

supports
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to supports
  on class: ValueStreamStage
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from supports
  on class: Capability
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The supports association represents the relationship between a Capability and a ValueStreamStage that means that the Capability is needed in the ValueStreamStage.
usage note: Usage: For example, an important stage in the creation of value for a manipulation puzzle such as Rubik's Cobe is the production of a manufacturable design of the puzzle. A failure here can result in a puzzle that cannot be manufactured or is not attractive to purchasers. Outcomes providing value are: a positive maniufacturability review; a positive customer reaction in a focus group. The Capabilities needed to produce these Outcomes are: product design, manufacturability analysis, focus group management. For this example, the previous three Capability instances would be associated with the "Design Ready" ValueStreamStage.

ValueStreamStage
type: Class
subclass of: BACMPlainEntity
subclass of: AbstractAction
subclass of: AbstractValueModel
subclass of: VSVSS
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to supports
  on class: supports
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to triggers
  on class: triggers
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: owns 1
  on class: ValueStream
  qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from produces 2
  on class: produces 2
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to participate
  on class: participate
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: ValueStreamStages represent significant points of value creation in a ValueStream.
usage note: Usage: ValueStreamStages are dependent on their containing ValueStream and are not shared with other ValueStreams. When the business architect intends to represent similar ValueStreamStages in different ValueStreams, the similarity should be represented by having the same set of relationships with the supporting Capabilities. ValueStreamStages are often defined by analysis and decomposition of the ValueProposition. They may also respresent stages of completion of a "build to order" product that are of interest to the Customer (e.g. stages where the Customer may make changes in specifications of the ordered product).
example: Constraint: A ValueStreamStage may only own other ValueStreamStages and be owned by another ValueStreamStage or a ValueStream. ValueStreamStages may not participate in generalizes or aggregates associations.

delivers
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from delivers
  on class: CapabilityBehavior
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to delivers
  on class: Capability
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to delivers
  on class: Capability
  max qualified cardinality: 1
definition: Definition: The delivers association represents a CapabilityBehavior that produces or is intended to produce Outcomes that satisfy the Outcomes produced by the Capability.
usage note: Usage: A CapabilityBehavior that delivers a Capability must provide at least the set of Roles provided by the Capability

implements 3
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to implements 3
  on class: Initiative
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from implements 3
  on class: CapabilityImplementation
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The implements association represents an assertion that one or more CapabilityImplementations are required to perform the initiative.
usage note: Usage: Definition of this association in an M1 level model allows the business arcitect to record that specific CapabilityImplementations are needed to perform the Initiative

assignTo 3
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: BACMShortcut
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from assignTo 3
  on class: Role
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to assignTo 3
  on class: CapabilityImplementation
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The assignment shortcut association represents that a CapabilityImplementation provides Performers and Resources that can be assigned to ResourceRoles and PerformerRoles respectively of a Capability, CapabilityBehavior, Process or Activity. Constraint: Let CI1 be a CapabilityImplementation and PR1 be a PerformerRole, then some subset of the Performers {pj} aggregated by CI1 are assignTo PR1. Let CI1 be a CapabilityImplementation and RR1 be a ResourceRole, then some subset of the Performers {pj} aggregated by CI1 are assignTo RR1
example: Constraint: Let CI1 be a CapabilityImplementation and PR1 be a PerformerRole, then some subset of the Performers {pj} aggregated by CI1 are assignTo PR1. Let CI1 be a CapabilityImplementation and RR1 be a ResourceRole, then some subset of the Performers {pj} aggregated by CI1 are assignTo RR1

informs 1
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to informs 1
  on class: AbstractProcess
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from informs 1
  on class: InformationItem
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The informs association represents the influence of information (represented by InformationItem) on a Process or Activity.
usage note: Usage: Information, such as weather, production targets, and results of a business analysis project will change how a business behaves and how a Process or Activity performs.

triggers
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: BACMShortcut
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to triggers
  on class: ValueStreamStage
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from triggers
  on class: Outcome
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The triggers association represents that the Outcome allows or initiates the ValueStreamStage.
usage note: Usage: It is often useful in analysis to record the Outcomes that constitute the important beginning events of a ValueStreamStage The triggers association allows the architect to record these relationships.
example: Constraint: Let O1 be an Outcome experienced at a Touchpoint T1 and VSS1 be a ValueStreamStage where O1 triggers VSS1, then there should exist a ValueItem VI1 that values O1 and is produced by VSS1

experiences
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from experiences
  on class: Touchpoint
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to experiences
  on class: Outcome
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The experiences relation represents a relationship between an Outcome and a Touchpoint meaning that the Customer will experience the Outcome at the Touchpoint.
usage note: Usage: A Touchpoint experiences an Outcome: 1. when that Outcome is provided as a service or 2. when the Outcome is associated with acceptance of the ProductOffering (e.g. the customer is happy with the contract of sale), or 3. when the customer receives information that resolves a question, or 4. when the customer makes use of a business object that is provided as an Outcome of an exchange transaction

Touchpoint
type: Class
subclass of: AbstractAction
subclass of: JSTP
subclass of: BACMPlainEntity
subclass of: AbstractValueModel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from experiences
  on class: experiences
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: owns 3
  on class: CustomerJourneyStage
  qualified cardinality: 1
definition: Definition: The Touchpoint represents an interaction between the business and the Customer.
usage note: Usage: One or more Outcomes created by the business are experienced by the Customer at the Touchpoint (e.g. the customer finds the answer to a question in a brochure created by the business, or the customer receives the business object that was ordered in good condition and on time). Alternatively, one or more Outcomes created by customer uses of the business objects contained in the ProductOffering are experienced by the customer (e.g. the customer uses the purchased hammer to drive nails). The analysis of value exchanged at the Touchpoint is represented by the ValueCharacteristic associated with the Touchpoint.

incorporates_0
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from incorporates 0
  on class: ProductOffering
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to incorporates 0
  on class: Outcome
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The incorporates association represents that an Outcome is included in a ProductOffering.
usage note: Usage: It may be implied that the BusinessObject whose state is represented by the Outcome is also included in the ProductOffering. In the case of a service offering, the Outcome instance represents the intended result of performing the capability as a service for a customer (as opposed to performing the capability for the immediate benefit of the business)

ProductOffering
type: Class
subclass of: Offering
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from incorporates 0
  on class: incorporates_0
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to of
  on class: of
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: ProductOffering represents the terms and conditions associated with the acquisition of a product or service by a customer. It would typically include price, delivery terms, warranty and other aspects of these terms. The ProductOffering incorporates Outcomes such as change of possession for a product (BusinessObject or InformationItem) that is sold.
usage note: Usage: A ProductOffering (and its specializations Good and Service) are a type of BusinessObject. This allows a Customer to experience the ProductOffering at a Touchpoint and develop a reaction (such as the ProductOffering being a good deal). Such a reaction can be represented as a CustomerSegment associated with the Customer and the JourneyStage that includes the Touchpoint

input
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from input
  on class: AbstractProcess
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to input
  on class: Outcome
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The input association represents that the AbstractProcess inputs (requires or can use) the Outcome.
usage note: Usage: The input association in the process perspective corresponds to the needs association in the capability perspective. While it is possible that the same Outcome is input to a process and needed by a capability, it will usually be the case that a process inputs an Outcome that is related by generalization or aggregation (or another relation between Outcomes) to an Outcome needed by a capability. The process and capability in this case are semantically related by the relationship between their Outcomes. For example, a CustomerInformationManagement Capability may need CustomerInformation_change_pending Outcome. A process that updates the CustomerAddress (a component of CustomerInformation) may input CustomerAddress_change_pending Outcome, that is related to the other Outcome by aggregation.

values
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from values
  on class: ValueItem
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to values
  on class: Outcome
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The values association links a ValueItem to an Outcome and provides a valuation of that Outcome. An Outcome may have several ValueItems, reflecting the ways in which different stakeholders perceive the Outcome. Likewise, a ValueItem may value multiple Outcomes that must be valued as a group.
usage note: Usage: The Outcome may be present in the business architecture model without an associated ValueItem, but ValueItems may not exist without being associated to an Outcome

ValueItem
type: Class
subclass of: BACMPlainEntity
subclass of: AbstractResult
subclass of: AbstractValueModel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from values
  on class: values
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: item
  on class: ValueCharacteristic
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: aggregates 3
  on class: ValueProposition
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to produces 2
  on class: produces 2
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: A ValueItem represents the business belief that a Customer will value one or more Outcomes that are experienced by the Customer.
usage note: Usage: For example, the ability of a sales representative to answer customer questions about a product is deemed to be valuable to the customer. Another example Outcome is the exchange of a good for money; the associated ValueItem could represent the buyer's feeling of having gotten a good deal

output
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from output
  on class: AbstractProcess
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to output
  on class: Outcome
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The output association represents that the AbstractProcess outputs the Outcome.
usage note: Usage: The output association in the process perspective corresponds to the produces association in the capability perspective. While it is possible that the same Outcome is output from a process and produced by a capability, it will usually be the case that a process outputs an Outcome that is related by generalization or aggregation (or another relation between Outcomes) to an Outcome produced by a capability. The process and capability in this case are semantically related by the relationship between their Outcomes. For example, a CustomerInformationManagement Capability may produce CustomerInformation_is_current and CustomerInformation_is_correct Outcomes. A process that updates the CustomerAddress (a component of CustomerInformation) may produce CustomerAddress_is_current and CustomerAddress_is_correct Outcomes, that are related to the other Outcomes by aggregation

Customer
type: Class
subclass of: AbstractValueModel
subclass of: LegalEntity
subclass of: AbstractThing
subclass of: BACMPlainEntity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: customer
  on class: ValueCharacteristic
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from takes
  on class: takes
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to target
  on class: target
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to describes
  on class: describes
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: Customer represents a customer type or a class of customers. Customer also represents partner businesses and other forms of contracted business relationships.
usage note: Usage: Customer effectively owns a set of CustomerSegments, each of which contains a partial description of the Customer. The CustomerSegments of a Customer may characterize CustomerJourneyStages or Touchpoints (i.e. they describe the Customer characteristics and state of mind at the CustomerJourneyStage or Touchpoint. When this is the case, the Customer should take the CustomerJourney owning the CustomerJourneyStages and Youchpoints. The Customer is an acceptor of one or more ProductOfferings and target of the ValuePropositions of these ProductOfferings.

AbstractValueModel
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to baseline 1
  on class: baseline 1
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to baseline 3
  on class: baseline 3
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The AbstractValueModel represents the value-related concepts that the Means and Initiative behaviors seek to achieve by changes made to the AbstractOperatingModel.
usage note: Usage: AbstractValueModel model elements represent perceptions of value as seen by a Customer or imagined by theBusiness to be seen by the Customer. As such, they cannot be directly changed by the business, so Means and Initiatives do not directly impact them. For example, the ValueProposition and ValueCharacteristic of an Offering may be improved by lowering its price, but this result is not guaranteed as the price action may be viewed as a signal of inflated worth or diminished quality. The architect may express a conviction that this result will occur in the expects association that links the price Means to the new Ends baseline for the ValueProposition and ValueCharacteristic.

LegalEntity
type: Class
subclass of: OrgUnit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from legal jurisdiction
  on class: legal jurisdiction
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from provides
  on class: provides
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from accepts
  on class: accepts
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to supplier
  on class: supplier
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to provider 0
  on class: provider_0
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to recipient 1
  on class: recipient 1
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to buyer
  on class: buyer
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: LegalEntity represents a human organization that is subject to the laws and regulations of a Jurisdiction.

ValueCharacteristic
type: Class
subclass of: AbstractValueModel
subclass of: BACMRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: customer
  on class: Customer
  qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: segment
  on class: CustomerSegment
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: segment
  on class: CustomerSegment
  max qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proposition
  on class: ValueProposition
  qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: item
  on class: ValueItem
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: item
  on class: ValueItem
  max qualified cardinality: 1
definition: Definition: ValueCharacteristic represents the fit between the ValueProposition of a ProductOffering targeted at a Customer.
usage note: Usage: ValueCharacteristic is intended to be used with a semantic tagging mechanism such as that provided by MEF or its equivalent. This allows the creation of tagging frameworks such as the Value Proposition Canvas categories of "use", "pain" and "gain". The ValuePropositions, CustomerSegments and ValueItems should be tagged by these categories. The ValueCharacteristic should be similarly tagged and should represent the fit of like tagged ValuePropositions and CustomerSegments. For example, a ValueProposition that relieves a "pain" should be fitted to a CustomerSegment that describes the "pain" by a ValueCharacteristic tagged as "pain".
example: Constraints: A top level ValueCharacteristic defines a fit value for a relationship between a single Customer and a single ValueProposition. The ValueCharacteristic may be decomposed and account for fit between ValueItems and CustomerSegments that are part of the top level ValueProposition and Customer

CustomerJourney
type: Class
subclass of: BACMPlainEntity
subclass of: AbstractValueModel
subclass of: AbstractAction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: owns 2
  on class: CustomerJourneyStage
  qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to takes
  on class: takes
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: A CustomerJourney represents a sequence of stages through which a Customer may pass with respect to a ProductOffering and its ValueProposition. The CustomerJourneyStages of the CustomerJourney capture the notion that the customer experience is cumulative.

CustomerJourneyStage
type: Class
subclass of: JSTP
subclass of: BACMPlainEntity
subclass of: AbstractAction
subclass of: AbstractValueModel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owns 2
  on class: CustomerJourney
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owns 3
  on class: Touchpoint
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The CustomerJourneyStage represents a significant stage in the CustomerJourney. An example of the stages of a customer journey would be: awareness, seeking a solution, weighting alternatives, acquiring the solution, using the solution, disposing the solution.
usage note: Usage: CustomerJourneyStages are often associated with decisions by the customer to proceed to the next stage or abandon the journey. However, the CustomerJourney is not a process and has no alternative sequences or paths

JSTP
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to characterizes
  on class: characterizes
  min qualified cardinality: 0
usage note: usage: This abstract class provides a union type for CustomerJourneyStage and Touchpoint, allowing the characterizes association to link instances of any concrete subclass of these classes.

CustomerSegment
type: Class
subclass of: AbstractResult
subclass of: BACMPlainEntity
subclass of: AbstractValueModel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: segment
  on class: ValueCharacteristic
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from describes
  on class: describes
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from characterizes
  on class: characterizes
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The CustomerSegment represents a characteristic of the Customer or a component of customer state of mind. CustomerSegments are owned by the Customer they describe.
usage note: Usage: When the owning Customer takes a Customerjourney, CustomerSegments should be created for each CustomerJourneyStage and Touchpoint in the CustomerJourney. These CustomerSegments characterize the customer or the customer's state of mind at the CustomerJourneyStage or Touchpoint.

ValueProposition
type: Class
subclass of: AbstractValueModel
subclass of: AbstractResult
subclass of: BACMPlainEntity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: proposition
  on class: ValueCharacteristic
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from target
  on class: target
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from of
  on class: of
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to produces 1
  on class: produces 1
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates 3
  on class: ValueItem
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The ValueProposition represents a collection of values the business believes it is offering to customers, partners and other stakeholders through a ProductOffering.

ValueStream
type: Class
subclass of: AbstractAction
subclass of: BACMPlainEntity
subclass of: VSVSS
subclass of: AbstractValueModel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from produces 1
  on class: produces 1
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owns 1
  on class: ValueStreamStage
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: A ValueStream represnts a set of stages that accumulate value represented by the ValueProposition.
usage note: Usage: The notion that value accumulation can be broken into components has been central to strategic practices such as Michael Porter's value chains and high level, value oriented process architecture. The notion is well established in business architecture and analysis practice. In some cases, it may be desirable to order the stages in a ValueStream. For example, there is a natural order to the design, build, inventory, sell and service stages of a manufacturing business. However, in other cases, such as health care, it is difficult to order the stages of triage, diagnosis, treatment, prevention. Consequently, no strong semantic interpretation should be associated with the ordering of ValueStreamStages in a ValueStream.
example: Constraint: A ValueStream instance may not own, aggregate or generalize another ValueStream instanc

VSVSS
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to implements 1
  on class: implements 1
  min qualified cardinality: 0
usage note: Usage: This abstract class provides a union type for ValueStream and ValueStreamStage, allowing instances of the implements_1 association to link to instances of any concrete subclass of either of these classes.

takes
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to takes
  on class: CustomerJourney
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from takes
  on class: Customer
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The takes association represents a relationship between a Customer and a CustomerJourney asserting that the Customer is likely to take the CustomerJourney

target
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: BACMShortcut
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from target
  on class: ValueProposition
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to target
  on class: Customer
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The target shortcut association asserts that the ValueProposition is intended to target the Customer.
usage note: Usage: This shortcut allows the architect to assert that a ValueProposition targets a Customer and imply that there is an unspecified ValueCharacteristic that represents the value fit analysis of the ValueProposition and Customer.
example: Constraint: Let VP1 be a ValueProposition and Cu1 be a Customer associated by t1, a target association. Then there should be a ValueCharacteristic VC1 with VP1 as its proposition and Cu1 as its customer. Also, there should be ValueItems {VIj} aggregated by VP1 that value Outcomes {Oj} incorporated in ProductOfferings {POj} accepted by LegalEntities {LEj} that are also the Customer Cu1. Note that it is commonly the case that the set of individuals represented intensionally by the Customer element are also LegalEntities

describes
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from describes
  on class: CustomerSegment
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to describes
  on class: Customer
  min qualified cardinality: 1
definition: Definition: The describes association represents the relationship between a CustomerSegment and a Customer asserting that the Customer is partially described by the CustomerSegment
usage note: Usage: If there is no CustomerJourney associated with a Customer, then the set of all CustomerSegments that describe the Customer represent the total customer description. If the Customer takes a CustomerJourney, then the CustomerSegments that describe the Customer may be qualified by the characterizes association to a CustomerJourneyStage or Touchpoint, indicating that the CustomerSegment partially describes the Customer at that CustomerJourneyStage or Touchpoint

characterizes
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to characterizes
  on class: JSTP
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from characterizes
  on class: CustomerSegment
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The characterizes association represents a relationship between a CustomerSegment and a Touchpoint meaning that the CustomerSegment partially describes the state of mind or capability of the Customer at the Touchpoint interaction.
usage note: Usage: This characterizes association represents the same kind of relationship as the characterizes association between the CustomerSegment and the CustomerJourneyStage. The range of the association is the union of CustomerJourneyStage and Touchpoint.

produces 2
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: BACMShortcut
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from produces 2
  on class: ValueStreamStage
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to produces 2
  on class: ValueItem
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The produces association represents the fact of a ValueItem being produced by valuing one or more Outcomes produced by Capabilities that support the ValueStreamStage or Processes or Activities that implement the ValueStreamStage.
usage note: Usage: The ValueItems produced in a ValueStreamStage that is part of a ValueStream should contribute to the ValueProposition produced by the ValueStream. The meta-model does not enforce this restriction.
example: Constraint: The produces association is consistent with the ValueStreamStage being supported by some Capabilities that produce Outcomes that are valued by the ValueItem

of
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: BACMShortcut
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to of
  on class: ProductOffering
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from of
  on class: ValueProposition
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The of association links a VslueProposition to a ProductOffering and represents that is the ValueProposition is about the ProductOffering. Constraint: Let VP1 be a ValueProposition and PO1 be a ProductOffering associated by o1, an "of" association. Then for some subset of ValueItems {VIj} aggregated by VP1 such that each VIj values an Outcome O1 that is incorporated in the ProductOffering PO1. Note that the ProductOfferings typically include Outcomes that are experienced by the Customer at a Touchpoint
example: Constraint: Let VP1 be a ValueProposition and PO1 be a ProductOffering associated by o1, an "of" association. Then for some subset of ValueItems {VIj} aggregated by VP1 such that each VIj values an Outcome O1 that is incorporated in the ProductOffering PO1. Note that the ProductOfferings typically include Outcomes that are experienced by the Customer at a Touchpoint

produces 1
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: BACMShortcut
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from produces 1
  on class: ValueStream
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to produces 1
  on class: ValueProposition
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The produces shortcut association represents the creation of a ValueProposition by a ValueStream.
usage note: Usage: The produces relation effectively aggregates the produces relations between the ValueStreamStages that are part of this ValueStream and the ValueItems that comprise the ValueProposition of this ValueStream.
example: Constraint: The produces association is implied by some owned ValueStreamStages that produce ValueItems that are aggregated into the ValueProposition

participate
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: BACMShortcut
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from participate
  on class: Performer
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to participate
  on class: ValueStreamStage
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The participate shortcut asserts that a Performer is assigned to an unspecified PerformerRole of an unspecified Capability hat supports the ValueStreamStage. Constraint: Let P1 be a Performer participating in a ValueStreamStage VSS1. There should exist a PerformerRole PR1 that P1 is assignedTo and PR1 is a PerformerRole ofCapability C1 that produces some Outcme O1 valued by a ValueItem VI1 that is produced by ValueStream VSS1
example: Constraint: Let P1 be a Performer participating in a ValueStreamStage VSS1. There should exist a PerformerRole PR1 that P1 is assignedTo and PR1 is a PerformerRole ofCapability C1 that produces some Outcme O1 valued by a ValueItem VI1 that is produced by ValueStream VSS1

Jurisdiction
type: Class
subclass of: AbstractOperatingModel
subclass of: BACMPlainEntity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to legal jurisdiction
  on class: legal jurisdiction
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The Jurisdiction represents a legal jurisdictions with powers to charter and/or regulate businesses

OrgUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Performer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: target
  on class: Responsible
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: source
  on class: Responsible
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The OrgUnit meta-class represents the various types of human organizations and individuals capable of acting as performers

theBusiness
type: Class
subclass of: LegalEntity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to belongs to
  on class: belongs to
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to recipient 0
  on class: recipient_0
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to provider 1
  on class: provider 1
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to procurer
  on class: procurer
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to seller
  on class: seller
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: theBusiness represents the particular business that is the subject of the business architecture model.
usage note: Usage: Only one instance of this metaclass is allowed in a model. This instance should be the sole provider of the top level ProductOffering, representing that the business is responsible for the entire product offering, parts of which may be provided by business partners represented as LegalEntities

legal jurisdiction
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from legal jurisdiction
  on class: LegalEntity
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to legal jurisdiction
  on class: Jurisdiction
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The "legal_jurisdiction"association instances represent the jurisdiction to which an Enterprise belongs.
usage note: Usage: The meta-model allows Enterprise instances to be in multiple jurisdictions (e.g. a business that is subject to local, provincial and stage laws, regulations and processes)

provides
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to provides
  on class: Offering
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from provides
  on class: LegalEntity
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The provider relation represents a relationship between a LegalEntity and an Offering created by the LegalEntity that is intended to solicit the business of designated parties identified by the consumer relation

Offering
type: Class
subclass of: AbstractBusinessObject
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to provides
  on class: provides
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to accepts
  on class: accepts
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: related 2
  on class: ContractRelation
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: Offering represents the solicitation of business from a Customer by presenting Outcomes and BusinessObjects that the business is willing to provide in return for items of value received from the Customer.
usage note: Usage: Offering is abstract because the metamodel may eventually include subtypes other than ProductOffering. Offering is provided by the business or a partner and the intended consumer is a type of Customer. The business architecture does not include the concept of a sale directly. Sales are in the past of a business, and business architecture is focused on the possible futures of the business. Sales are useful as predictors of acceptance of future offering and as predictors of future liability for warranties.

accepts
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to accepts
  on class: Offering
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from accepts
  on class: LegalEntity
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The acceptor relation represents a relationship between a party external to the business and an Offering intended to solicit business from the acceptor party represented by the Customer..
usage note: Usage: Note that offering dies not represent a sale; in a sale, each party gives something of value and receives something of value

supplier
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from supplier
  on class: ProcurementOutcome
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to supplier
  on class: LegalEntity
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The supplier association asserts that the LegalEntity is to be the supplier of the ProcurementOutcome.
usage note: Usage: The supplier LegalEntity is not necessarily the same as the provider LegalEntity for the ProcurementOffering incorporating the ProcurementOutcome

ProcurementOutcome
type: Class
subclass of: Outcome
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from supplier
  on class: supplier
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from procurer
  on class: procurer
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to incorporates 1
  on class: incorporates 1
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: ProcurementOutcome represents the expected Outcome of the procurement. E.g. that the BusinessObject/InformationItem received has the characteristics needed by the procuring business.
usage note: Usage: ProcurementOutcome specifies such details and is associated with a ProcurementOfferint that should not duplicate the details of the ProcurementOutcome

provider_0
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from provider 0
  on class: OutsourcedServiceOutcome
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to provider 0
  on class: LegalEntity
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The provider association asserts that a LegalEntity is the provider of the OutsourcedServiceOutcome.
usage note: Usage: The provider LegalEntity is not necessarily the same LegalEntity as the provider of the OutsourcedServiceOffering

OutsourcedServiceOutcome
type: Class
subclass of: Outcome
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from provider 0
  on class: provider_0
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from recipient 0
  on class: recipient_0
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to incorporates 4
  on class: incorporates 4
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: OutsourcedServiceOutcome represents the expected Outcome of the performance of an outsourced service (i.e. a service performed for the business by another business)

recipient 1
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from recipient 1
  on class: ServiceOutcome
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to recipient 1
  on class: LegalEntity
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The recipient association asserts that the LegalEntity is the recipient of ServiceOutcomes incorporated into a ServiceOffering.
usage note: Usage: It is not necessarily the case that the recipient LegalEntity is the same as the accepting LegalEntity of the incorporating ServiceOffering

ServiceOutcome
type: Class
subclass of: Outcome
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from recipient 1
  on class: recipient 1
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from provider 1
  on class: provider 1
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to incorporates 3
  on class: incorporates 3
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: ServiceOutcome represents the expected Outcome of the performance of a service for a Customer.

buyer
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from buyer
  on class: MerchandiseOutcome
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to buyer
  on class: LegalEntity
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The buyer association is related to the accepts association and asserts that a LegalEntity (typically also a Customer) is the targeted buyer of the MerchandiseOutcome.
usage note: Usage: The buyer of the MerchandiseOutcome is not necessarily the LegalEntity that accepts the MerchandiseOffering in the case when the acceptor is acting as an agent for the buyer

MerchandiseOutcome
type: Class
subclass of: Outcome
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from buyer
  on class: buyer
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from seller
  on class: seller
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to incorporates 2
  on class: incorporates 2
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: MerchandiseOutcome represents the transfer of ownership and/or use between the business that is selling the merchandise via the MerchandiseOffering and the LegalEntity who receives the possession and/or use of the merchandise. The LegalEntity may also be a Customer.</i

belongs to
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to belongs to
  on class: theBusiness
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from belongs to
  on class: Performer
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: belongs_to represents that a Performer belongs to theBusiness.
usage note: Usage: In a model, there will typically be semantic overlap between belongs_to and Responsible. However, the metamodel syntax presently does not allow the specification of this overlap. The business architect may choose to use belongs_to in lieu of Responsible or vice versa. It would not be recommended to use both where there is the potential of semantic overlap

recipient_0
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from recipient 0
  on class: OutsourcedServiceOutcome
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to recipient 0
  on class: theBusiness
  qualified cardinality: 1
definition: Definition: The recipient association assserts that theBusiness is the intended recipient and beneficiary of the OutsourcedServiceOutcome.
usage note: Usage: The recipient is not necessarily the same LegalEntity that accepts the OutsourcedServiceOffering

provider 1
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from provider 1
  on class: ServiceOutcome
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to provider 1
  on class: theBusiness
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to provider 1
  on class: theBusiness
  max qualified cardinality: 1
definition: Definition: The provider association asserts that theBusiness is the provider of the ServiceOutcome incorporated into a ServiceOffering.
usage note: Usage: The provider LegalEntity is not necessarily the same as the LegalEntity that provides the ServiceOffering that incorporates the ServiceOutcome

procurer
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from procurer
  on class: ProcurementOutcome
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to procurer
  on class: theBusiness
  qualified cardinality: 1
definition: Definition: The procurer association asserts that theBusiness is the procurer of the ProcurementOutcome
usage note: Usage: The procurer LegalEntity is not necessarily the acceptor LegalEntity of the ProcurementOffering</i

seller
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from seller
  on class: MerchandiseOutcome
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to seller
  on class: theBusiness
  qualified cardinality: 1
definition: Definition: The seller association asserts that theBusiness is the seller of the MerchandiseOutcome incorporated in the MerchandiseOffering.
usage note: Usage: This association does not imply that the LegalEntity providing the MerchandiseOffering is the same as the seller of the MerchandiseOutcome

Process
type: Class
subclass of: AbstractProcess
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  on class: AbstractProcess
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: Process represents an aggregation of Activities and other Processes.
usage note: Usage: A Process aggregated into another Process means that the aggregated Process may be executed as a part of executing the aggregator Process. The abstract syntax does not specify a starting or ending Process/Activity; consequently starting and ending Activities/Processes aggregated by another Process must be determined by analysis of the Outcome connections

Activity
type: Class
subclass of: AbstractProcess
definition: Definition: Activities represent atomic (non-decomposable) activities

implements 1
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to implements 1
  on class: VSVSS
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from implements 1
  on class: AbstractProcess
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The implements association asserts that a Process or Activity implements a ValueStream and implies that Outcomes of the Process are valued as ValueItems incorporated into the ValueProposition delivered by the ValueStream.
usage note: Usage: It is not permitted for a Process or Activity to implement both a ValueStream and one or more ValueStreamStages of that ValueStream. A Process implementing a ValueStream may have aggregated Processes that implement ValueStreamStages of the ValueStream

ContractRelation
type: Class
subclass of: AbstractOperatingModel
subclass of: BACMRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: related 2
  on class: Offering
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: ContractRelation represents any kind of relationship between Offerings.
usage note: Usage: ContractRelation should be instanced as a relationship between Offferings whose arity is determined by the architect. Each leg of such an instance effectively inherits from the relation association

OutsourcedServiceOffering
type: Class
subclass of: ProductOffering
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from specifies
  on class: specifies
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from incorporates 4
  on class: incorporates 4
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: OutsourcedServiceOffering represents an offering made by the business that solicits a service to be performed by another business

specifies
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from specifies
  on class: OutsourcedServiceOffering
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to specifies
  on class: APCICB
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The specifies association represents a relationship between an OutsourcingOffering and a CapabilityBehavior or Process or CapabilityImplementation, in which the Customer would be required or advised to perform the CapabilityBehavior or Process and/or provide Performers and Resources as specified by the CapabilityImplementation as an implementation of the CapabilityBehavior or Process..
usage note: Usage: This association is effectively combined with the two other specifies relation whose source is OutsourcingOffering so that the range of the combined associations is the union of AbstractProcess, CapabilityBehavior and CapabilityImplementation.

incorporates 2
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to incorporates 2
  on class: MerchandiseOutcome
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from incorporates 2
  on class: MerchandiseOffering
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: This incorporates association refines the incorporates association between the generalizing meta-classes ProductOffering and Outcome. It asserts that a MerchandiseOffering incorporates a MerchandiseOutcome

incorporates 4
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to incorporates 4
  on class: OutsourcedServiceOutcome
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from incorporates 4
  on class: OutsourcedServiceOffering
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The incorporates association designates that an OutsourcedServiceOffering incorporates some OutsourcedServiceOutcomes.
usage note: Usage: The incorporates association refines the incorporates association between ProductOffering and Outcome

incorporates 1
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to incorporates 1
  on class: ProcurementOutcome
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from incorporates 1
  on class: ProcurementOffering
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The incorporates association refines the incorporates association between the generalizing meta-classes ProductOffering and Outcome and asserts that the ProcurementOffering incorporates the ProcurementOutcomes

incorporates 3
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to incorporates 3
  on class: ServiceOutcome
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from incorporates 3
  on class: ServiceOffering
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The incorporates assocation refines the incorporates association between the generalizing meta-classes (ProductOffering and Outcome) and asserts that the ServiceOffering incorporates some ServiceOutcomes

Change
type: Class
subclass of: BACMPlainEntity
subclass of: AbstractResult
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from baseline 2
  on class: baseline 2
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from baseline 3
  on class: baseline 3
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from implements 2
  on class: implements 2
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to expects 1
  on class: expects 1
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to needs 2
  on class: needs 2
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: Change represents desired states of business value and results as represented by the baselined elements of the AbstractOperatingModel and the AbstractValueModel. These states are expected to result from the changes described by the Initiatives.
usage note: Usage: Changes can be decomposed and share sub-Changes

Ends
type: Class
subclass of: BACMPlainEntity
subclass of: AbstractResult
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: aggregates 5
  on class: StrategyModel
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from baseline 0
  on class: baseline_0
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from baseline 1
  on class: baseline 1
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to implements 2
  on class: implements 2
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: from needs 1
  on class: needs 1
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: to expects 0
  on class: expects_0
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: Ends represent changes to elements representing business values, such as ValuePropositions., ValueItems and ValueCharacteristics. Ends also represent changes to business results (i.e. Outcomes, BusinessObjects, InformationItems and ProductOfferings). These element types derive from AbstractOperatingModel and AbstractValueModel.
usage note: Usage: A Ends element will typically state the desired result (e.g. improved customer satisfaction) relative to the currently achieved (baselined) result (customer satisfaction represented as an Outcome). Ends can be decomposed into subordinate Ends. Subordinate Ends may be shared by one or more aggregator Ends

StrategyModel
type: Class
subclass of: BACMPlainEntity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: alternative
  on class: StrategyChoices
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates 5
  on class: Ends
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates 4
  on class: Means
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: StrategyModel is a collection of Means and Ends and the Initiatives and Changes implementing the Means and Ends. It represents a single, coherent and complete strategy.
usage note: Usage: StrategyModels each represent a particular strategy choice. StrategyModels may share sub-StrategyModels. The set of StrategyModels as prepared by the architect and strategist is represented by the StrategyChoices model element and the alternative associations linking it to each StrategyModel

baseline 2
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from baseline 2
  on class: Change
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to baseline 2
  on class: AbstractOperatingModel
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The baseline association links one or more operating model elements representing business results to change objectives represented by the Changes.
usage note: Usage: An operating model Outcome (e.g. cost of executing an activity) is the baseline for a Change (e,g, a 5% reduction in the cost of executing the activity as a result of purchasing a new robot)

impacts 1
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from impacts 1
  on class: Initiative
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to impacts 1
  on class: AbstractOperatingModel
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The impacts association links Initiatives (planned changes to operating model elements) to the operating model elements impacted (changed) by the Initiatives

baseline_0
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from baseline 0
  on class: Ends
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to baseline 0
  on class: AbstractOperatingModel
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The baseline association links one or more operating model elements representing business results to change objectives represented by the Ends.
usage note: Usage: An operating model Outcome (e.g. cost of executing an activity) is the baseline for an End (e,g, a 10% reduction in the cost of executing the activity)

impacts_0
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from impacts 0
  on class: Means
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to impacts 0
  on class: AbstractOperatingModel
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The impacts association links a Means (description of changes to be made to business operations) to the operating model elements that will be impacted (changed)

baseline 1
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from baseline 1
  on class: Ends
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to baseline 1
  on class: AbstractValueModel
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The baseline association links a value model element (e.g. a ValueProposition where the price of a product is equal to the competitive average price) to an End (e.g. an End that reduces the price of a product to 5% below the competitive average)

baseline 3
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from baseline 3
  on class: Change
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to baseline 3
  on class: AbstractValueModel
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The baseline association links a value model element (e.g. a ValueProposition where the price of a product is equal to the competitive average price) to a change (e.g. a change that reduces the price of a product by 5% ).

implements 2
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to implements 2
  on class: Ends
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from implements 2
  on class: Change
  min qualified cardinality: 0
usage note: This "implements" meta-association links a desired end of a strategy to the specific changes that are expected to result in the achievement of the end.

expects 1
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from expects 1
  on class: Initiative
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to expects 1
  on class: Change
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The expects association links one or more Changes that are expected to result from the Means described changes

needs 2
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from needs 2
  on class: Initiative
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to needs 2
  on class: Change
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The needs association represents that one or more Changes are needed to enable the performance of the Initiatives.
usage note: Usage: This association must be instanced as an association classifier so that the modeler can express: a rationale for the expectation; note the likely influences of environmental factors, including competitive responses and regulatory actions risks and risk avoidance activities Expressing these concerns may require the modeler to define additional properties and association legs at the M1 model level

needs 1
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to needs 1
  on class: Means
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from needs 1
  on class: Ends
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The needs association represents that one or more Ends are needed to enable the performance of the Means
usage note: Usage: This association must be instanced as an association classifier so that the modeler can express: a rationale for the expectation; note the likely influences of environmental factors, including competitive responses and regulatory actions risks and risk avoidance activities Expressing these concerns may require the modeler to define additional properties and association legs at the M1 model level.

expects_0
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from expects 0
  on class: Means
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to expects 0
  on class: Ends
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The expects association represents that one or more Ends are expected to result from the changes described in the Means.
usage note: Usage: This association must be instanced as an association classifier so that the modeler can express: a rationale for the expectation; note the likely influences of environmental factors, including competitive responses and regulatory actions risks and risk avoidance activities Expressing these concerns may require the modeler to define additional properties and association legs at the M1 model level

implements 4
type: Class
subclass of: BACMBinDirRelation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to implements 4
  on class: Means
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from implements 4
  on class: Initiative
  min qualified cardinality: 0
definition: Definition: The implements association represents the assertion that an initiative implements a Means