FIGI®
Financial Instrument Global Identifier®
The development of a Financial Instrument Global Identifier originated out of the recognition that chaos theory has nothing on the complexity generated everyday by the millions-perhaps billions-of security transactions that cross trading floors, clearinghouses, and exchanges all over the world. Almost every aspect of securities management is based on closed systems that use proprietary identifiers that are privately owned and licensed. Closing each deal is as much an exercise in translation as it is in transaction processing, as traders, investors, and brokers wrestle with multiple proprietary formats to determine what a security is, who owns it, how much it is worth, and when the deal should be closed. It introduces a tremendous amount of friction into the trade lifecycle and creates opaqueness where clarity is sought. In addition, the use of proprietary identifiers adds significant cost and overhead when users wish to integrate data from disparate sources or migrate to a different market data system.
The evolution of advanced symbologies has helped the securities industry grow, but the limitations and costs imposed by the closed systems have become more apparent as companies and institutions continue to integrate operations on a global scale. Proprietary symbology now stands as one of the most significant barriers to increased efficiency and innovation in an industry that sorely needs it. Moreover, the lack of common identifiers is a key roadblock to achieving the holy grail of straight-through processing (STP).
Points of Note:
* Licensing fees require firms to pay for each symbol system they use. International firms bear an especially heavy burden, because they often have to license several symbologies in order to manage trading operations in several countries.
* Restrictions imposed by proprietary symbologies prevent companies from easily mapping one set of codes to another. This hinders integration of market data from diverse sources as well as efforts to automate trade and settlement activities.
* Market data consumers who adopt proprietary symbols for use in their own systems must not only pay licensing fees, but such symbols also lead to significant future costs associated with efforts to connect to emerging trading systems.
* Proprietary trading environments may have worked well for years; but they are a byproduct of a time when data systems operated largely as islands that did not have to interoperate with other systems.
Current trends dictate a different approach. Markets, customers, and governments are demanding greater connectivity, transparency, and efficiency. Whats more, the openness of Internet-based systems has profoundly altered the way businesses-and individuals-collect, manage, and share information. Thus, in addition to new regulations that demand clarity and accountability, the move to open symbology is being driven by growing investor and institutional demands.
Adopting an open system of shared symbology establishes the foundation for a tremendous leap forward in the efficient trade and settlement of securities as well as data management and reporting of financial instruments more generally. Such a system will allow firms and technology service providers to shift resources from laborious, inefficient processes to new investments in tools and products that will better serve clients.
An open system answers the call for greater transparency. Eliminating the need to remove proprietary IDs and re-map financial instruments will greatly simplify the steps needed to migrate between market data platforms and trading systems. Availability of a central symbology reference will facilitate mapping between users internal systems and create opportunities for integration and automation of the global enterprise. This is to say that this standard represents a novel solution in the market that is not currently covered by other identifiers currently in circulation.
This specification lays out the details of the Financial Instrument Global Identifier across two dimensions:
1. The specification of the structure of the Global Identifier itselfwhat is/is not valid as a Global Identifier and how a Global Identifier is constructed and validated.
2. An ontological model specifying the relationship between the Global Identifier and other closely related information.
The development of the Financial Instrument Global Identifier originated from a need for a standard methodology to bridge across multiple identification systems for financial instruments. Without prejudice against any existing symbol-based solutions, or any question of the validity of one system over the other, the FIGI standard utilizes a metadata driven approach to enable the unique and persistent identification of financial instruments. In so doing, while employing the principles of open data, it provides a mechanism for interoperability between existing identification systems.
This specification lays out the details of the Financial Instrument Global Identifier across two dimensions:
1. The standard of the structure of the Global Identifier itselfwhat is/is not valid as a Global Identifier and how a Global Identifier is constructed and validated.
2. An ontological model specifying the relationship between the Global Identifier and other closely related information.
This specification has been created with the clear understanding that a published interface for creating identifiers and linking together relevant parties, e.g., Certified Providers or the Registration Authority, through the use of technology is a critical part of the operationalization implementation of this standard. While high level descriptions of the various types of organizations that need to be involved as well as high level descriptions of the interactions between such organizations has been included in this document, they are included on the understanding that there will need to be a subsequent specification produced that details the necessary technical infrastructures and service level agreements for all participating organizations. To be clear, the technical specification of those services and service level agreements is out of scope for this document.
Machine Readable Files
| OMG File ID | URL | Format | Description | Appears in |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| dtc/15-05-06 | FIGI/20150501/SecurityTypes.rdf | RDF | SecurityTypes RDF | 1.1 beta 1.0 |
| dtc/15-05-05 | FIGI/20150501/PricingSources.xmi | XMI | PricingSources ODM XMI | 1.1 beta 1.0 |
| dtc/15-05-06 | FIGI/20150501/PricingSources.rdf | RDF | PricingSources RDF | 1.1 beta 1.0 |
| dtc/15-05-29 | FIGI/20150501/GlobalInstrumentIdentifiers.xml | XML | FIGI UML XMI | 1.1 beta 1.0 |
| dtc/15-05-05 | FIGI/20150501/GlobalInstrumentIdentifiers.xmi | XMI | GlobalInstrumentIdentifiers ODM XMI | 1.1 beta 1.0 |
| dtc/15-05-06 | FIGI/20150501/GlobalInstrumentIdentifiers.rdf | RDF | GlobalInstrumentIdentifiers RDF | 1.1 beta 1.0 |
| dtc/15-05-06 | FIGI/20150501/AboutFIGI-1.0.rdf | RDF | AboutFIGI 1.0 RDF | 1.1 beta 1.0 |
Links
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